Fission-Fusion Dynamics of Large Ateline Species

大型星体物种的裂变聚变动力学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-03657
• 负责人: Pavelka, Mary
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=708406
• 关键词: Fission; Fusion; Dynamics; Large; Ateline

Enhanced sociality has long been recognized as one of the traits distinguishing primates from other mammals. Most day-active primates live in cohesive social groups in which members range in close proximity most of the time. However, data emerging from long-term field studies are revealing much greater variation in cohesiveness in primate social groups over time. We now recognize a spectrum of cohesiveness, termed “fission-fusion dynamics”, in which subgroups form and change in size, composition, and spatial cohesion. The long-term objective of my research program is to uncover the causes and consequences of variation in fission-fusion sociality through the study of two closely related primate species that vary dramatically in their levels of cohesion. Spider and howler monkeys, members of the large bodied Neotropical subfamily Atelinae, are often found living in the same forests, yet they show striking contrasts in ecology and social organization. Howlers are leaf eaters that live in consistently small and tightly cohesive groups (low fission-fusion dynamics) with small ranges and close spatial proximity. Spider monkeys are ripe fruit specialists that live in large, highly fluid communities (high fission-fusion dynamics) with large home ranges over which subgroups with fluid (often changing) membership are widely dispersed. Spiders and howlers, both found at the Runaway Creek Nature Reserve (RCNR) study site in Belize, are thus excellent subjects for the study of variation in primate sociality and fission-fusion dynamics. This research program has been active since 1999. Over the next five years I will investigate: how ecology and relatedness determine variation in fission-fusion dynamics; the relationship between sexual segregation, sexual selection, and fission-fusion dynamics; and the consequences of such flexible sociality in terms of stress and disease. This program will provide a comprehensive account of the manner in which relatedness, ecology, sexual selection, stress, and disease shape and constrain mammalian sociality. By investigating the environmental and social conditions that affect group cohesiveness and association patterns, I aim to better understand the evolution of mammalian sociality itself.

长期以来，增强的社会性一直被认为是灵长类动物区别于其他哺乳动物的特征之一。大多数白天活动的灵长类动物生活在有凝聚力的社会群体中，其中成员大多数时间都很接近。然而，长期实地研究的数据显示，随着时间的推移，灵长类社会群体的凝聚力变化更大。 我们现在认识到一系列的凝聚力，称为“裂变-融合动力学”，其中子群的形式和变化的大小，组成和空间凝聚力。 我的研究计划的长期目标是通过研究两种密切相关的灵长类物种，揭示裂变融合社会性变化的原因和后果，这两种物种的凝聚力水平差异很大。 蜘蛛猴和吼猴是新热带区体型庞大的Atelinae亚科的成员，经常被发现生活在同一片森林中，但它们在生态和社会组织方面表现出惊人的差异。 吼猴是食叶动物，生活在一贯的小而紧密的群体中（低裂变-融合动力学），范围小，空间接近。 蜘蛛猴是成熟水果专家，生活在大型、高度流动的社区（高裂变-融合动力学），有很大的家庭范围，其中具有流动（经常变化）成员的亚群广泛分布。 因此，在伯利兹的逃亡溪自然保护区（RCNR）研究点发现的蜘蛛和吼猴是研究灵长类动物社会性和裂变融合动力学变化的极好对象。 该研究项目自1999年以来一直在积极开展。 在接下来的五年里，我将研究：生态学和相关性如何决定裂变-融合动力学的变化;性隔离、性选择和裂变-融合动力学之间的关系;以及这种灵活的社会性在压力和疾病方面的后果。该计划将提供一个全面的方式，其中相关性，生态，性选择，压力和疾病的形状和限制哺乳动物的社会性帐户。 通过研究影响群体凝聚力和关联模式的环境和社会条件，我的目标是更好地了解哺乳动物社会性本身的进化。