The Strategic Use of Heat Pumps and Thermal Storage for Residential Demand-side Management

空间空调和家庭热水负荷占加拿大住宅能源使用量的80%以上。这些负荷在冬季早晨(空间供暖和热水使用)和夏季下午(空间制冷)对公用事业电网提出了巨大的能源需求高峰。这对电网产生了一些负面影响，包括增加了所需的生产能力和配电能力。因此，由于基础设施老化和容量迅速接近，降低电网的峰值能源需求在未来十年至关重要。作为回应，安大略省和新斯科舍省的公用事业提供商(占加拿大人口的41%)在高峰期(即使用时间计费)实施了费率保费。这种做法是为了鼓励消费者将用电从高峰时段转移到非高峰时段。 使用热泵和储热可以通过储存能量来缓解非高峰时段和建筑物居住者需求之间的时间能源不匹配，从而减少高峰时期对化石燃料的需求。该研究计划的总体目标是发现利用热泵和热储进行住宅需求侧管理的创新概念。 该计划支持基础研究，包括部件级的数值建模，并得到实验分析的支持。整个热泵蓄热系统的数值模拟将在TRNsys软件中实施，并根据卡尔顿大学太阳能系统实验室受控实验室获得的实验数据进行验证。要进行这项研究，需要两名博士和两名硕士。将招收学生，并实现以下四个短期目标： OBJ。A：评价显热和潜热储存及其与住宅热泵的结合，以减少高峰电力需求 OBJ。B：集成蓄热和寒冷气候的空气源热泵，以改善季节性性能 OBJ。C：制定控制策略，以抵消家庭热水高峰负荷 OBJ。D：热泵与太阳能的结合：太阳能热能和光伏发电的性能比较 预计这些新系统将有助于推动分布式热电(智能电网)能源解决方案的发展趋势，以减少对加拿大能源消耗的长期影响，并减少峰值电力负荷、能源成本和温室气体排放。预计该计划将推动增值暖通空调设计、换热和控制系统方面的行业创新，并将促进HQP的开发和培训。研究生将接受使用现代设备的培训，这些设备对建筑能源研究至关重要，如数据采集和控制系统、热和流体测量仪器以及能源模拟工具。

Space conditioning and domestic hot water loads account for over 80 percent of the residential energy use in Canada. These loads place significant peak energy demand on the utility grid during winter mornings (space heating and hot water use) and summer afternoons (space cooling). This has a number of negative impacts on the electricity grid, including an increase in required production capacity and distribution capabilities. As a result, reducing peak energy demand on the grid is paramount over the next decade due to infrastructure aging and rapidly approaching capacity. In response, utility providers in Ontario and Nova Scotia (accounting for 41% of Canada's population) have implemented rate premiums during peak periods (i.e., time of use billing). This practice is used to encourage consumers to shift their electricity use from on-peak to off-peak periods. The use of heat pumps and thermal storage can alleviate the temporal energy mismatch between off-peak periods and building occupant demands by allowing energy to be stored, thus reducing demand on fossil fuels during peak periods. The overall objective of the research program is aimed at discovering innovative concepts to use heat pumps and thermal storage for residential demand-side management. The program supports fundamental research consisting of component level numerical modelling, supported by experimental analysis. Numerical simulations of complete heat pump thermal storage systems will be implemented in the TRNSYS software and validated against experimental data obtained from controlled laboratory experiments at the Solar Energy Systems Laboratory at Carleton University. To undertake this research, 2 Ph.D. and 2 M.A.Sc. students will be recruited and address the following four short-term objectives: Obj. A: Evaluation of sensible and latent thermal storages and their integration with residential heat pumps to reduce peak utility demand Obj. B: Integration of thermal storage and cold climate air source heat pumps for improved seasonal performance Obj. C: Development of control strategies to offset peak domestic hot water loads Obj. D: Combining heat pumps with solar energy: performance comparison between solar thermal and photovoltaics It is expected that these new systems will contribute to growing trends for distributed thermal and electrical (smart grid) energy solutions to reduce the long-term impact on Canadian energy consumption, and reduce peak electrical loads, energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions. It is anticipated that this program will drive industry innovations in value-added HVAC design, heat transfer and control systems, and will foster the development and training of HQP. Graduate students will be trained in the use of modern equipment essential for building energy studies such as data acquisition and control systems, instrumentation for thermal and fluid measurements, and energy simulation tools.