Evolutionary ecology of complex floral phenotypes

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We have a skewed understanding of floral evolution because we lack floral scent micro and macroevolution studies. Why does this matter? Plants form the basis of the majority of interacting species networks and angiosperm evolution has provided a foundation for understanding diversification. Furthermore, plant-animal interactions are ubiquitous and drive the diversification of both plants and animals via antagonistic and mutualistic interactions. Studies of floral micro and macro-evolution have made major advances in understanding co-evolution, speciation and the role of plant-pollinator interactions. Yet to push forward the field we need further integration across fields to study these complex traits holistically. Floral scent has been largely ignored especially in the evolutionary ecology of flowering plants, in part because the difficulty to quantify scent for large numbers of individuals necessary for micro and macroevolutionary studies. However, as methodology has improved these fundamental questions can now be addressed. In my proposal, I address central questions to floral evolution and interspecific communication by integrating floral scent into a well-studied system of floral diversification. By taking a holistic approach to floral phenotypes and integrating scent with traits such as floral morphology, colour and rewards, the scientific result will address core questions on evolution of complex traits and communication. Specifically my research objectives are: [1] Examine the evolutionary ecology of multifaceted floral traits by measuring correlational selection for complex phenotypes; [2] Determine the importance of pollinators as drivers of evolution of floral scent; [3] Measure evolutionary impacts of urbanisation on plants and pollinator interactions; [4] Assess a novel ecological function of floral scent signals by determining whether plants use neighbours' floral scent signals to gain information about their mating environment. As we face global climate change, pollinator declines, and intensification of agricultural needs, a clear understanding of the complex organs and organisms responsible for plant reproduction is necessary. My research program will yield high-impact science for these complex traits that will provide the foundation of future basic and applied research.