Multifunctional Hybrid Nanomaterials

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This original and innovative research program focuses on: 1) the study of the fundamental properties of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) and luminescent carbon dots (CDs), as well as (2) leveraging this knowledge to engineer nanomaterials and nanoconstructs that can be exploited for the development of novel applications that fall under the Natural Science and Engineering (NSE) targets. CDs, a relatively new class of nanomaterials, are regarded as having low chemical toxicity and high biocompatibility. They can be excited using multiple wavelengths and their emissions are tuneable from the ultraviolet to near-infrared (NIR). Effective exploitation of the luminescent properties of CDs allows for applications development, only possible upon understanding their luminescence mechanism, which we will thoroughly investigate using steady-state and dynamic spectroscopy. To enhance their luminescence efficiency, we will develop strategies for enhancing the emission quantum yield through studies of metal enhanced luminescence in core/shell architectures, where the MNP core is surrounded by a CD shell. We will then investigate these hybrid materials for the development of carbon dioxide optical sensors to monitor spoilage (food safety and smart packaging applications). In addition, we will integrate the CD sensors in polymer films to mimic “real-life” packaging conditions. We will also study CDs in multiplexing assays targeting the detection and capture of heavy metal ions. We will engineer highly monodisperse CDs, with emissions in the UV/Visible, and study their physico-chemical and optical properties, as well as surface passivation techniques. Moreover, we will study approaches towards surface modification with oligonucleotide aptamers that can capture metallic cations, and develop sensitive non-radiative electron-transfer quenching assays for detection (environmental and biosensing applications). Finally, we will seek to engineer a versatile system that can exploit the biocompatibility of our nanomaterials and develop a multimodal nanocarrier system for imaging and controlled-release of molecular cargo. These nanocarriers will combine MNPs, which will serve as a heating core, and a thermoresponsive polymeric shell, that will encapsulate the core and trap CDs modified with targeting and therapeutic agents, as a stimulated controlled release strategy (targeted drug delivery applications). Our research program will result in ground-breaking advancements in nanomaterials engineering with the aim of: (i) training highly qualified personnel to respond to the scientific and technological demands in academia and industry, (ii) developing concrete applications to address the needs of Canadian society and (iii) contributing towards the realization of the technology platform of the future, affirming Canada's role as a leader in Nanotechnology research and development.