Integrated Ichnological-Sedimentological Facies Models in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework

层序地层框架中的综合地质-沉积相模型

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-04166
• 负责人: MacEachern, James
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=710492
• 关键词: Integrated; Ichnological; Sedimentological; Facies; Models

Trace fossils, unlike most other fossils, allow an assessment of how animals interacted with their environment while they were alive. In rocks of shallow-marine origin, they comprise one of the most common biological features, yet are relatively understudied. Nothing is more sensitive to changes in the environment and climate than the animals that inhabit them, and so trace fossils provide an unparalleled opportunity to investigate how their responses have operated and changed through time. Animal behaviours, and their resulting trace fossils, vary in response to changes in salinity, physical energy, sediment size, deposition rate, water turbidity, etc., permitting highly detailed interpretations of the ancient sedimentary and environmental record. Correspondingly, this research proposal outlines seven studies that focus on assessing how animal-sediment relations have operated in ancient delta, shoreface/beach, and estuarine settings (paleoenvironments). These paleoenvironments will be assessed with respect to their responses to sea level change, used to establish systems tracts that are fundamental subdivisions of sequence stratigraphy. These shallow-marine environments commonly respond to a complex interplay of river, wave, storm and tidal processes, and are referred to as mixed-process systems. The studies in this proposal are designed to answer fundamental questions about shallow-marine deposits, how they change along the paleoshoreline (e.g., delta asymmetry, tidally influenced shorefaces), and how they have responded to changing sea level in the past (e.g., accumulation during falling sea level, low sea level, rising sea level, and stable but high sea level). Concomitantly, the studies also provide young scientists the opportunity to acquire much-needed skills in the identification and interpretation of trace fossils and bioturbation (animal-generated) fabrics, and the integration of these data with physical (process-response) sedimentology. Together, these avenues of research yield more accurate interpretations of the origins of ancient sedimentary deposits, enable the spatial mapping of resulting deposits, and provide criteria for recognizing how ancient marginal-marine environments vary along the shoreline and seaward into the basin. The biological and physical characteristics of the these sedimentary successions have a major impact on the distribution and quality of hydrocarbon reservoirs and aquifers.

与大多数其他化石不同，痕量化石可以评估动物在生命时与环境相互作用的方式。 在浅海洋起源的岩石中，它们构成了最常见的生物学特征之一，但相对研究。没有什么比居住在环境和气候的变化更敏感的，因此，痕迹化石为研究其反应如何随着时间的推移而进行和改变提供了无与伦比的机会。动物行为及其产生的痕量化石，随着盐度，物理能量，沉积物尺寸，沉积速率，水浊度等的变化而有所不同，允许对古代沉积和环境记录的高度详细解释。相应地，该研究提案概述了七项研究，这些研究重点是评估在古代三角洲，岸面/海滩和河口环境（古环境）中如何运作动物的关系。这些古环境将根据它们对海平面变化的反应进行评估，用于建立序列地层基本细分的系统区域。这些浅海洋环境通常会对河流，波浪，风暴和潮汐过程的复杂相互作用做出反应，并被称为混合过程。 该提案中的研究旨在回答有关浅海沉积物的基本问题，它们沿着古毛线的变化（例如，三角洲不对称，潮汐影响的岸边）以及它们对过去的海平面的反应如何（例如，海平面下降，海平面下降，海平面上升，海平面稳定和高高的海平面和高级海平面）。随之而来的是，这些研究还为年轻科学家提供了获得急需的技能，以识别和解释痕量化石和生物扰动（动物生成的）织物，以及将这些数据与物理（过程 - 反应）沉积学的整合。这些研究的途径共同对古代沉积沉积物的起源产生了更准确的解释，可以使所得沉积物的空间映射，并提供了认识到古老的边缘海洋环境如何在海岸线和向海流入盆地之间的标准。这些沉积继承的生物学和物理特征对碳氢化合物和含水层的分布和质量有重大影响。