Non-local neuromuscular effects and mechanisms

非局部神经肌肉效应和机制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2017-03728
• 负责人: Behm, David
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=710503
• 关键词: Non; local; neuromuscular; effects; mechanisms

Our laboratory has undertaken work on non-local (stress on one body part affecting the performance of another body part) effects of fatigue (crossover fatigue), flexibility and pain. Our recently published review (Halperin et al. 2015) revealed that non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) effects are more predominant when the lower body (primarily the quadriceps) rather than the upper body is tested. This preference may reflect differences in the neural network of the upper and lower body. There is evidence for NLMF effects to be attributed to primarily neurological mechanisms however there are biochemical, biomechanical and psychological factors also influencing the outcome and these are likely to be inter-related. There are many questions still outstanding on this topic. We have recently provided a revision to a submitted paper that shows that NLMF is more prevalent with adolescent males affecting upper and lower body strength, jump height and balance performance. The decreases in the contralateral limb were nearly as substantial as the fatigued limb emphasizing the important role of the nervous system with fatigue in male youth. We also recently published the only study with adolescent girls showing the NLMF effect was less apparent in this group (Reid et al. 2016). There are no investigations comparing contralateral to ipsilateral non-local responses, which would help highlight neural fatigue pathways. Such investigations enhance our understanding of basic muscle fatigue mechanisms. Our non-local changes in flexibility and pain may be important findings for those suffering from localized contraction flexures from strokes or if stimulation of unaffected body parts can minimize pain and the order of exercises used in training programs. Whereas fatigue has non-local or crossover effects, we have just published an article demonstrating that while a muscle group treated with a conditioning exercise can experience post-activation potentiation, the contralateral muscle experiences fatigue. These findings highlight the specific and differing responses of peripheral (muscle) and (central) neural components to a bout of exercise. It may be possible to elicit neuromuscular potentiation in non-local, non-conditioned muscles which would demonstrate the extent of central inhibitory and excitatory effects. Considering the importance and relevance of this topic, more research is needed to clarify the physiological mechanisms, extent of the effects using adequate methods, and with an attempt to account for some of the described confounding variables.

我们的实验室已经开展了关于疲劳(交叉疲劳)、灵活性和疼痛的非局部(身体一个部位的应力影响另一个身体部位的表现)影响的工作。我们最近发表的评论(Halperin等人)2015)显示，当测试下半身(主要是股四头肌)而不是上半身时，非局部肌肉疲劳(NLMF)效应更明显。这种偏好可能反映了上半身和下半身的神经网络的差异。有证据表明，NLMF效应主要归因于神经机制，但也有生化、生物力学和心理因素影响结果，这些因素可能是相互关联的。在这个话题上还有许多悬而未决的问题。我们最近对提交的一篇论文进行了修订，该论文显示，NLMF在青春期男性中更为普遍，会影响上下半身的力量、跳跃高度和平衡能力。对侧肢体的减少几乎与疲劳肢体一样显著，强调了神经系统在男性青年疲劳中的重要作用。我们最近还发表了唯一一项针对青春期女孩的研究，表明NLMF效应在这一群体中不那么明显(Reid等人)。2016)。没有研究比较对侧和同侧的非局部反应，这将有助于突出神经疲劳通路。这些研究加深了我们对肌肉疲劳基本机制的理解。我们在灵活性和疼痛方面的非局部变化可能对那些因中风而遭受局部收缩屈曲的人来说是重要的发现，或者如果刺激未受影响的身体部位可以将疼痛和训练计划中使用的运动顺序降至最低。虽然疲劳具有非局部或交叉效应，但我们刚刚发表的一篇文章表明，当接受条件性运动治疗的肌肉组可以经历激活后增强时，对侧肌肉经历疲劳。这些发现突出了外周(肌肉)和(中枢)神经成分对一轮运动的特殊和不同的反应。在非局部、非条件性肌肉中诱导神经肌肉增强是可能的，这将证明中枢抑制和兴奋效应的程度。考虑到这一主题的重要性和相关性，需要更多的研究来阐明生理机制、影响的程度和使用适当的方法，并试图解释所描述的一些混杂变量。