Complex Surgical Skill Acquisition Using Audio/Visuo/Haptic Interfaces

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Learning complex surgical tasks requires that novice surgeons collaborate with expert surgeons and a surgical team. To collaborate efficiently, these partners must construct a Common Frame-of-Reference (CFR). The CFR is a representation of the shared situation, which is updated continuously by an information exchange between the learner and the team. The CFR allows the teachers and the learner to understand each other and to organize their action in a common framework. A grounding process occurs when the team partners exchange information and share signs of understanding to develop their CFR. Depending on the task, the partners may use different communication channels (voice, vision, and haptics) to develop their CFR. The main goal of this discovery grant is to explore how audio-visuo-haptic virtual interfaces can be used to learn complex surgical skills by creating an optimal CFR. For fine motor skills, we will continue the exploration of the concept of What-You-Feel-Is-What-I-Feel (WYFIWIF) and for collaborative skills we will explore how Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE) using proxy-haptics can be used to learn complex interactions between multiple participants like a surgical team. In both cases, the main hypothesis is that by combining audio-visuo-haptic perceptions in a CFR one can improve surgical skills transfer more efficiently and realistically.