Integrating sustainability in supply chain planning and decision-making processes

该研究计划的目标是开发新的方法来解决可持续性原则整合到供应链计划和协作计划中这一具有挑战性的问题。通常，供应链的表现纯粹是经济上的。考虑环境和社会方面的因素将绩效转化为三维概念，这导致了复杂的规划问题：每个维度可能包含多个标准，这可能是相互冲突的；因此需要妥协。每项标准都应由相关指标来衡量。这是具有挑战性的，因为涉及许多标准，而且这些指标是用不同的单位和衡量标准来衡量的。他们中的一些人是依赖的。在协作框架中找到折衷方案增加了复杂性：为了确保协作成功，决策者和利益相关者需要在可持续性标准方面达成共识和共同优势，这种共识和共同优势大于个人优势。必须确保参与者之间从所有经济、环境和社会角度“分享利益和风险”的公平性。这个问题一直以来主要是从经济学的角度来研究的。最后，决策者和利益相关者可能有不同的背景和目标，可能会从非常不同的角度来看待规划问题。 所有这些都不可避免地导致了大型、非线性、多准则、多行为者的规划问题。多目标优化是处理这一多学科问题的一种合适方法。在文献中，所提出的方法往往导致单目标优化和经济驱动的模型。很少有研究在数学公式中考虑社会标准。这三种可持续性绩效之间的权衡很少生成和分析。可持续发展整合到供应链规划中对合作的影响还没有得到充分的研究。管理者和利益相关者的可持续性目标很少被考虑，文献中很少有真正的案例研究报道。本研究的目的是：1)开发新的多目标优化模型，有效地模拟可持续和协同的供应链计划问题。2)开发新的方法和算法来解决所提出的问题，并便于结果的可视化。3)开发新的方法，分享协作的可持续利益，同时确保所有参与者之间的公平。4)设计高效的规划流程，以支持协作环境中的决策。5)将所制定的方针和方法应用于森林部门的案例研究，因为森林部门的可持续性问题非常重要，供应链网络和规划过程复杂而独特。结果将推广到其他部门。

The objective of this research program is to develop new approaches to address the challenging problem of sustainability principles integration into supply chain planning and collaborative planning. Usually, the supply chain performance is purely economic. Considering environmental and social aspects transforms the performance to a three-dimensional concept, which leads to complex planning problems: each dimension might encompass multiple criteria, which might be conflictual; compromises are thus required. Each criterion should be measured by a relevant indicator. This is challenging because many criteria are involved and these indicators are measured in different units and measuring scales. Some of them are dependent. Finding compromises in a collaborative framework adds complexity: to ensure the collaboration success, the decision-makers and stakeholders need to reach a consensus and mutual advantages that are greater than individual advantages, in regards to sustainability criteria. Fairness among players regarding “the sharing of benefits and risks” from all economic, environmental and social perspectives must be ensured. This problem has been mainly studied from the economic perspective. Finally, the decision-makers and stakeholders might have different backgrounds and goals, and might perceive the planning problem from very different perspectives. All these aspects inevitably leads to large, non-linear, multiple-criteria and multiple-actors planning problems. Multi-objective optimization is an appropriate approach for dealing with this multidisciplinary problem. In the literature, the approaches proposed often lead to single objective optimization and economic-driven models. Only few studies consider social criteria in the mathematical formulations. Trade-offs between all three sustainability performances are rarely generated and analyzed. The impact of sustainability integration into supply chain planning on collaboration is not sufficiently studied. The managers and stakeholder' sustainability goals are rarely considered and few real case studies have been reported in the literature. This research program aims to: 1) develop new multi-objective optimization models to efficiently model sustainable and collaborative supply chain planning problems. 2) Develop new methods and algorithms to solve the formulated problems and facilitate the visualization of the results. 3) Develop new methods for sh aring the sustainable benefits of collaboration while ensuring fairness among all players. 4) Design efficient planning processes to support decision-making in collaboration context. 5) Apply the approaches and methods developed to cases studies in the forest sector, where sustainability concerns are of high importance and the supply chain networks and planning processes are complex and unique. The results will be generalized to other sectors.