Effects of climate change on interactions between host trees and beetle-fungal symbiont complex

气候变化对寄主树与甲虫-真菌共生复合体之间相互作用的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04187
• 负责人: Erbilgin, Nadir
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=716492
• 关键词: Effects; climate; change; interactions; between

Mountain pine beetle (MPB) killed millions of trees, largely lodgepole pine in western Canada. Furthermore, the beetle expanded its range to higher altitudes and latitudes. However, it is unknown if lodgepole pines differ in their vulnerability to beetles along altitude and latitude gradients. In my application, I propose to test four objectives targeting four aspects of MPB invasion processes in the nave lodgepole pine forests, with particular emphasis on the long-term consequences of climate change and kinship recognition on plant defenses and related (carbohydrates) chemicals. First objective will investigate if altitude and latitude gradients affect vulnerability of pines to MPB through altering concentration of chemical defenses and carbohydrates of pine trees. Host vulnerability to MPB will be confirmed in laboratory bioassays. Second objective will determine if altitude and latitude gradients influence nitrogen and ergosterol concentrations of pines and fungal symbionts of MPB. Third objective will determine if altitude and latitude gradients alter the influence of environment and tree genetics on chemical defenses and carbohydrates of pines. The final objective will test if kinship affects plant-to-plant communication via volatile chemicals emitted by trees in response to colonization by MPB in a greenhouse. Information resulting from these studies will be important for both basic and applied understanding of insect invasions in nave forests. The first three objectives will improve climate change adaptation strategies to invasive insect species. Given that MPB has invaded areas that were historically climatically unsuitable to its survival, the proposed research on the vulnerability of pine trees across the altitudinal and latitudinal gradients is timely and needed for development of policies to manage MPB outbreaks in western Canada. For instance, assisted tree migration is a common climate change adaptation strategy in forestry; however it does not incorporate the effects of climate change on tree vulnerability to pests. Thus, the outcome of this study can be critical for climate change adaptation strategies in Canada and beyond. The planned studies will also determine if environment has a stronger impact on chemical defenses of pines along altitude than latitude gradients; this finding will likely influence climate adaptation and assisted migration programs across Canada and elsewhere. Furthermore, understanding the effects of climate change on microbial symbionts will give us a better knowledge about how they may affect the range expansion of invasive species in this and other regions. Finally, understanding the ecological and evolutionary roles of plant VOCs in tree-to-tree communication may not only improve our understanding of tree survival during insect and pathogen outbreaks but also create opportunities for active management practices such as priming' or sensitizing induced tree defenses before insect attacks.

山松甲虫(MPB)杀死了数百万棵树，其中大部分是加拿大西部的松树。此外，甲虫还将活动范围扩大到更高的海拔和纬度。然而，尚不清楚松树对甲虫的易感性是否随海拔和纬度梯度的不同而不同。 在我的申请中，我建议测试四个目标，针对MPB入侵过程的四个方面，特别是气候变化和亲缘关系识别对植物防御和相关(碳水化合物)化学物质的长期影响。第一个目标将调查海拔和纬度梯度是否通过改变松树的化学防御和碳水化合物浓度来影响松树对MPB的脆弱性。宿主对MPB的脆弱性将在实验室生物检测中得到确认。第二个目标将确定海拔和纬度梯度是否影响松树和MPB真菌共生体的氮和麦角甾醇浓度。第三个目标将确定海拔和纬度梯度是否会改变环境和树木遗传对松树化学防御和碳水化合物的影响。最终目标将测试亲缘关系是否通过树木释放的挥发性化学物质影响植物之间的交流，以响应MPB在温室中的定居。 这些研究产生的信息对于基本和应用理解昆虫入侵朴素森林都是重要的。前三个目标将改进适应气候变化的战略，以适应入侵昆虫物种。鉴于MPB入侵了历史上气候不适合其生存的地区，拟议的关于松树在海拔和纬度梯度上的脆弱性的研究是及时的，对于制定政策来管理MPB在加拿大西部的爆发是必要的。例如，协助迁徙树木是林业中常见的适应气候变化的战略；然而，它没有纳入气候变化对树木易受虫害影响的影响。因此，这项研究的结果可能对加拿大及其他地区的气候变化适应战略至关重要。计划中的研究还将确定，与纬度梯度相比，环境对松树沿海拔的化学防御是否有更大的影响；这一发现可能会影响加拿大和其他地方的气候适应和辅助迁徙计划。此外，了解气候变化对微生物共生体的影响将使我们更好地了解它们可能如何影响该地区和其他地区入侵物种的范围扩大。最后，了解植物VOCs在树木间交流中的生态和进化作用，不仅可以提高我们对树木在昆虫和病原体爆发期间存活的理解，还可以为积极的管理实践创造机会，例如在虫害发生之前启动或敏化诱导的树木防御。