Sources and Impacts of Water-Soluble Iron in Atmospheric Aerosol

大气气溶胶中水溶性铁的来源和影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-06890
• 负责人: Wong, Jenny
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: Mount Allison University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=717330
• 关键词: Sources; Impacts; Water; Soluble; Iron

Despite the importance of water-soluble (WS) Fe-containing aerosol climate, air quality, and human health, the sources and chemistry governing its atmospheric concentrations are not well understood. In particular, a scarce number of ambient observations have characterized WS-Fe-containing aerosol over land on which most human populations reside. Thus, the potential human exposure of WS-Fe is poorly characterized. While atmospheric models have suggested that the chemistry of combustion aerosol may reconcile the global WS-Fe budget, a fundamental understanding of this chemistry is necessary for accurate assessments and predictions of the environmental impacts of WS-Fe. The goal of the proposed research program is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the sources and impacts of WS-Fe and other toxic metals in outdoor and indoor aerosol. This will be achieved through a combination of mechanistic laboratory experiments and ambient observations. Initial projects will: 1) characterize the WS-Fe concentrations in aerosol emitted from both outdoor and indoor combustion activities; 2) determine the production rates of WS-Fe from the chemical processing of outdoor combustion aerosol caused by various reactions (such as acid-catalyzed and complexation) that can promote iron dissolution; 3) establish an air quality monitoring site in Sackville, New Brunswick; and 4) identify the major sources and chemical production mechanisms governing the ambient concentrations of WS-Fe nation-wide. This research program will not only result in retroactive evaluation of previously implemented air quality regulations in Canada (such as phase out of coal-fired power plants), but also support the design of more efficient mitigation strategies and more accurate predictions of future impacts due to changes in emission. This is very important given that combustion activities, such as wildfires in Canadian forests, are expected to increase. Another critical impact of the work is the evaluation of potential exposure to toxic components in indoor aerosol emitted by heating- and cooking-related combustion activities. The results from this work are of direct relevance to Canadians living in rural communities where wood combustion remains a predominant residential energy source. The research program will also provide an interdisciplinary training ground for emerging young scientists. Students will develop not only a diverse analytical skill set, but also broaden their research experience through exposure to both laboratory experiments and field observations. They will also have the opportunity to collaborate with members from other departments, institutions, and government agencies.

尽管含铁水溶性气溶胶对气候、空气质量和人类健康具有重要意义，但控制其大气浓度的来源和化学成分还不是很清楚。特别是，在大多数人类居住的陆地上，很少有环境观测表明含有WS-Fe的气溶胶的特征。因此，WS-Fe对人类的潜在暴露特征很差。虽然大气模型表明，燃烧气溶胶的化学成分可能会协调全球WS-Fe的预算，但对于准确评估和预测WS-Fe的环境影响，对这种化学成分的基本了解是必要的。 拟议研究计划的目标是全面了解室外和室内气溶胶中WS-Fe和其他有毒金属的来源和影响。这将通过机械实验室实验和环境观测相结合的方式实现。初始项目将：1)表征室外和室内燃烧活动中排放的气溶胶中WS-Fe的浓度；2)确定由各种反应(如酸催化和络合作用)引起的户外燃烧气溶胶的化学处理中WS-Fe的产生率；3)在新不伦瑞克州的Sackville建立一个空气质量监测点；4)确定控制全国WS-Fe环境浓度的主要来源和化学产生机制。 这项研究计划不仅将对加拿大以前实施的空气质量法规(如逐步淘汰燃煤电厂)进行追溯评估，还将支持设计更有效的缓解战略，并更准确地预测排放变化对未来的影响。鉴于加拿大森林中的野火等燃烧活动预计将增加，这一点非常重要。这项工作的另一个关键影响是评估与加热和烹饪相关的燃烧活动排放的室内气溶胶中有毒成分的潜在暴露情况。这项工作的结果与居住在农村社区的加拿大人直接相关，在农村社区，木材燃烧仍然是主要的住宅能源。该研究计划还将为新兴的年轻科学家提供跨学科的培训基础。学生不仅将发展多样化的分析技能，还将通过接触实验室实验和实地观察来拓宽他们的研究经验。他们还将有机会与其他部门、机构和政府机构的成员合作。