Antimicrobial resistance genes in bioaerosols in Canadian arctic, rural, and urban environments: sources, profiles, transport and fate

通过许多活动，人类一直在选择和放大携带抗生素耐药性基因的细菌。生物气溶胶作为耐抗生素微生物的储存库和繁殖源的研究还不够深入。生物气溶胶是由生物来源的空气中的颗粒定义的。它们随处可见，来自自然和人为来源，如农业、水、植物和工业活动。空气可导致生物制剂的长距离传播，必须更好地了解人类活动对通过空气传播抗菌素耐药性的潜在影响，以填补适当的风险和预防模型。多亏了一个国际团队，加拿大将在全国范围内部署各种采样策略，以调查和绘制加拿大不同地点(城市、农村、北极)的空气污染情况。将解决长途运输和高大气抗菌素含量问题。收集的样本将用于评估健康风险和基因转移潜力。在加拿大，我们有机会研究ARG在东西轴、南北轴以及垂直轴(高对流层和云层)上的传播，包括五分之四的高朋气候类型(干燥、温带、大陆性和极地)。因此，该项目将通过在加拿大最北部和高大气、海外以及通过城乡活动的不同途径进行采样，解决ARG的长途运输问题。拟议的计划将填补在加拿大通过生物气溶胶传播和暴露抗菌素耐药性方面的巨大空白。一项重要成果将是在风险评估模型中加入生物气溶胶，并制定项目以确定关键地区的适当缓解和衰减措施。该计划将产生一批在ARG和生物气溶胶方面具有先锋经验的HQP，这是对加拿大具有重要价值的独特概况。这一研究计划有能力通过将“空气”纳入ARG暴露和风险模型和预测来改变范式，开发新的研究学科，通过向其他人造和自然活动输出专业知识在加拿大和国际上产生衍生产品，并描述他们对ARG的贡献。

Humans, through many of their activities, have been selecting and amplifying bacteria that carry genes for antibiotic resistance. Bioaerosols are understudied as reservoirs and propagation sources of antibiotic resistant microbes. Bioaerosols are defined by airborne particles of biological origin. They are found everywhere, emitted from natural and man-made sources such as agriculture, water, plants and industrial activities. Air can lead to long distance transmission of biological agents and potential impact of human activities on spreading of antimicrobial resistance through the air must be better understood to fill appropriate risk and prevention models. Various sampling strategies will be deployed across the country to survey and map Canada's air contamination in various sites (urban, rural, arctic) thanks to an international team. Long distance transport and high atmosphere antimicrobial resistance content will be addressed. The samples collected will be used to evaluate health risks and gene transfer potential. In Canada, we have the opportunity to study ARG dissemination on an East-West axis, a North-South axis, as well as on a vertical axis (high troposphere and clouds), including four out of five Koppen climate types (dry, temperate, continental, polar). This project will thus address long-distance transport of ARG through sampling in the Far North of Canada and in the high atmosphere, overseas and through diverses urban and rural activities. The proposed program will fill huge gaps in the understanding of the spreading and exposure of antimicrobial resistance through bioaerosols in Canada. An important outcome will be to add bio aerosols in risk assessment models and develop projects to determine appropriate mitigation and attenuation measure in key areas. This program will generate a cohort of HQP with pioneer experience in ARG and bioaerosol, a unique profile of great value for Canada. This research program has the power to transform, to change paradigms by including the "air" in ARG exposure and risk models andprediction, to develop new research disciplines, to have spin-offs in Canada and internationally by exporting expertise to other man-made and natural activities and describe their ARG contribution.