TRIUMF Neutral Atom Trap for beta decay angular correlations: searches for new interactions

用于 β 衰变角相关性的 TRIUMF 中性原子陷阱：寻找新的相互作用

• 批准号: SAPPJ-2019-00037
• 负责人: Behr, John
• 金额: $ 10.53万
• 依托单位: TRIUMF
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Project
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=739450
• 关键词: TRIUMF; Neutral; Atom; Trap; beta

Nuclear beta decay correlation experiments helped establish the nature of the weak interaction, a theory with spin-1 bosons (like the photon, but massive) coupling only to left-handed leptons (i.e. electrons and neutrinos). The angular distribution of the outgoing particles, if measured to part per thousand, is sensitive to new interactions that can produce leptons with different handedness. We have measured the beta asymmetry with respect to the nuclear spin in 37K decay to be Abeta=-0.5706+-0.0018. This was C.S. Wu's original parity-violating observable, and our beta asymmetry measurement has the best fractional accuracy (i.e. smallest uncertainty/Abeta) in any nucleus or the neutron, and is in agreement with theory. Our average value of Abeta can either constrain interactions producing wrong-handed neutrinos, or, combined with other experiments, tests whether nuclei with finite spin and magnetic moment all have the same intrinsic strength of beta decay. We will further explore this possible "conserved vector current" violation by measuring Abeta and other observables better in 37K. The dependence of Abeta on beta energy is still under analysis by a Ph.D. student, and is separately sensitive to new 4-fermion effective field theory interactions. Our proposed measurements, including the asymmetry of the direction of progeny nuclei with respect to the intial nuclear spin, probe new interactions producing wrong-handed positrons: these observables scale with a helicity factor (electron mass)/(electron energy) that is typically suppressed at higher energy, making our measurements complementary. Key to our measurements is our demonstrated ability to highly polarize the nuclei with our atom trap techniques, and to determine the polarization of the nuclei decaying to 0.1% accuracy by atomic methods in situ. We also plan a time reversal symmetry test using the three independent momenta of the products of radiative beta decay, a unique test in the first generation of particles at relatively low energy scale. Reactor neutrinos show anomalies in their total number and energy dependence. We are reconstructing the neutrino energy spectrum from 92Rb 0- to 0+ decay from the momenta of the other products, using only the beta direction and not its energy. Several 0- to 0+ decays together produce about 30% of the higher-energy neutrinos from a reactor, and while in principle the theory is reasonably defined in terms of two nuclear structure-dependent matrix elements, there is inconsistency in the literature between difficult beta energy spectrum measurements in this type of decay. Simultaneous measurement of the beta-neutrino correlation will help us extract the two matrix elements to better test the 1st-forbidden theory. We expect to continue to maintain TRIUMF EEC high priority experiments for 2 graduate students at a time, so ask for additional funds to start a 3rd student while the 2nd student completes the analysis part of a Ph.D.

核β衰变相关实验帮助建立了弱相互作用的性质，这是一种自旋为1的玻色子（像光子，但质量很大）只与左手轻子（即电子和中微子）耦合的理论。如果测量到千分之一的角度分布，那么出射粒子的角分布对新的相互作用很敏感，这些新的相互作用可以产生具有不同旋向的轻子。 我们测量了37 K衰变中相对于核自旋的β不对称性为Abeta=-0.5706+-0.0018。这是CS吴的原始宇称违反可观察的，和我们的β不对称测量具有最好的分数精度（即最小的不确定性/Abeta）在任何核或中子，并与理论一致。我们的Abeta平均值可以限制产生错手中微子的相互作用，或者结合其他实验，测试具有有限自旋和磁矩的核是否都具有相同的β衰变内禀强度。我们将通过在37 K下更好地测量Abeta和其他可观测量来进一步探索这种可能的“守恒矢量流”违反。Abeta对β能量的依赖性仍在由一位博士进行分析。学生，并分别敏感新的4-费米子有效场论相互作用。我们提出的测量，包括子核相对于初始核自旋方向的不对称性，探测产生错误正电子的新相互作用：这些可观测量与螺旋因子（电子质量）/（电子能量）成比例，通常在较高的能量下被抑制，使我们的测量互补。我们的测量的关键是我们证明了我们的能力，高度的原子核与我们的原子陷阱技术，并确定原子的方法在原位衰减到0.1%的精度的原子核的偏振。我们还计划使用辐射β衰变产物的三个独立动量进行时间反演对称性测试，这是第一代粒子在相对较低能量尺度下的独特测试。反应堆中微子在其总数和能量依赖性方面显示出异常。我们正在重建从92 Rb 0-到0+衰变的中微子能谱，从其他产物的动量，只使用β方向，而不是它的能量。几个0-到0+的衰变一起产生了大约30%的来自反应堆的高能中微子，虽然原则上该理论是根据两个核结构相关的矩阵元合理定义的，但在这种类型的衰变中，在困难的β能谱测量之间的文献中存在不一致。同时测量β-中微子关联将有助于我们提取两个矩阵元素，以更好地测试第一禁戒理论。我们希望继续保持TRIUMF EEC高优先级实验，每次2名研究生，所以要求额外的资金开始第三名学生，而第二名学生完成博士学位的分析部分。