Arctic-subarctic coastal hazards and morphodynamics (AsCHMor)

北极-亚北极海岸灾害和形态动力学 (AsCHMor)

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-03333
• 负责人: Didier, David
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Rimouski
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=741845
• 关键词: Arctic; subarctic; coastal; hazards; morphodynamics

Coastal storms shape coastlines at various scales and affect millions of people annually. Although widely studied in southern countries, storm impacts are still poorly understood in the Arctic because high-frequency measurements are hardly feasible on remote coasts. Coastal changes are nevertheless affecting Inuit communities, and are enhanced by permafrost thaw and sea ice reduction. The latter further contributes to increased wave heights. Extreme coastal events in arctic and subarctic regions are presumably caused by combined high water levels and waves, either under open or ice-infested waters. Cryogenic processes and hazards involve sea ice freeze/break-up, freeze-thaw cycles, and ice push ridges. Varying isostatic adjustments throughout the Arctic also result in contrasting sea-level variations that blur the impacts of coastal erosion and flooding. We hypothesize that frozen sediments also controls coastal overwash processes, and this is a primary concern for coastal management. On frozen coasts, it is therefore not trivial to predict coastal evolution in the long term. The objective of the Arctic-subarctic coastal hazards and morphodynamics (AsCHMor) research program is to significantly improve our understanding of coastal morphodynamics in the arctic-subarctic region and to enhance our capacity to simulate and predict future coastal behaviors under the impacts of climate change and increasing human pressure on the coast. The program targets two components of coastal hazards rarely explored in the Arctic. First, AsCHMor will be implemented (i) to better understand the complex interactions between beach sediment permeability and pore-ice saturation in the swash zone during energetic storms in northern Canadian communities. (ii) The second component integrates the exploration and application of empirical/numerical models of coastal total water levels in ice-infested waters at both regional and local scales to improve our risk management capacity. AsCHMor will be implemented throughout an iterative process using numerous observational, modeling, and technological development. Eleven HQP (5 B.Sc., 4 M.Sc., 2 Ph.D.) will perform field works on subarctic and High Arctic coastal communities (St. Lawrence Estuary, Hudson Bay, Jones Sound). Capitalizing on my previous works, a novel shore-based video network designed with national and international collaborators will be deployed. This proposal is unique and necessary to improve knowledge gaps in Arctic coastal dynamics and hazards. Its implementation will benefit northern communities by providing new predictive tools on fast-onset coastal disasters situations. It will increase autonomy in community decision-making through scientific research and monitoring. The long-term goal of AsHCMor is to strengthen Canada's forecasting services and early warnings in the north and to provide efficient information on time for evacuation and adaptation strategies in northern communities.

沿海风暴以各种规模塑造海岸线，每年影响数百万人。虽然在南方国家进行了广泛的研究，但对北极地区风暴影响的了解仍然很少，因为在偏远的海岸进行高频测量几乎不可行。然而，沿海地区的变化正在影响因纽特人社区，而且由于永久冻土融化和海冰减少而加剧。后者进一步有助于增加波高。北极和亚北极地区的极端海岸事件可能是由高水位和波浪共同引起的，无论是在开放水域还是冰覆盖的沃茨。低温过程和危害包括海冰冻结/破裂、冻融循环和冰推脊。整个北极地区不断变化的均衡调整也导致了海平面的对比变化，使海岸侵蚀和洪水的影响变得模糊不清。我们假设，冻结沉积物也控制沿海过洗过程，这是一个主要关注的沿海管理。因此，在冰冻海岸，预测长期的海岸演变并非易事。 北极-亚北极海岸灾害和形态动力学（AsCHMor）研究计划的目标是显着提高我们对北极-亚北极地区海岸形态动力学的理解，并提高我们模拟和预测未来海岸行为的能力气候变化的影响下，增加人类对海岸的压力。该计划针对北极地区很少探索的沿海灾害的两个组成部分。首先，将实施AsCHMor（一）以更好地了解北方加拿大社区在强风暴期间冲刷区海滩沉积物渗透性和孔隙冰饱和度之间的复杂相互作用。(ii)第二个组成部分整合了在区域和地方尺度上探索和应用经验/数值模型的沿海总水位在冰出没的沃茨，以提高我们的风险管理能力。AsCHMor将在整个迭代过程中使用大量的观察，建模和技术开发来实现。11名HQP（5名B.Sc.，4名硕士，2名博士）将在亚北极和高北极沿海社区（圣劳伦斯河口、哈德逊湾、琼斯湾）开展实地工作。利用我以前的作品，一个新颖的基于海岸的视频网络设计与国家和国际合作者将部署。这一建议是独特的，必要的，以改善北极沿海动态和灾害的知识差距。其实施将为快速发生的沿海灾害情况提供新的预测工具，从而使北方社区受益。它将通过科学研究和监测，增加社区决策的自主权。AsHCMor的长期目标是加强加拿大在北部的预报服务和预警，并为北方社区的疏散和适应战略及时提供有效信息。