Determining the cognitive, linguistic, and input features influencing oral language processing

确定影响口语处理的认知、语言和输入特征

• 批准号: RGPIN-2021-04189
• 负责人: Archibald, Lisa
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=742796
• 关键词: Determining; cognitive; linguistic; input; features

Language is a rule-governed, generative system that individuals acquire over multiple years and use flexibly to perform a variety of communicative functions. The long-term goal of my research program is to further our understanding of the memory and learning mechanisms that support the human ability to learn, process, and use a linguistic system of communication. My team's past work has focused on neurocognitive processes supporting language acquisition, specifically existing language knowledge held in long-term memory and the ability to store and manipulate information in the current focus of attention known as working memory. Understanding the neurocognitive mechanisms supporting language learning is not enough, however, we need to understand how interactions with the environment shape this process. With this in mind, a new direction in our research program will examine how variables associated with the language input shape the neurocognitive relationships we have studied in the past. Usage-based accounts suggest that the frequency of word and linguistic structures in the input is related to a child's language acquisition. Predicting from our years of research examining phonological (speech sound) and semantic (meaning) effects on working memory, various input-related factors can be expected to impact the efficiency and accuracy of language learning. Our research will take a systematic approach to understanding the complex relationship between input variables and short- and long-term learning of word forms and linguistic structures. Key questions are addressed in the short-term objectives of the proposed research program: First, our research will examine how qualities of the spoken input influence the retention of phonological or semantic information by examining short- and long-term verbal recall of information manipulated to emphasize either the metric verse or content of the stimuli. Our second goal will focus on the extraction and retention of grammatical structures related to verbs in young children. Past research has suggested that unusual and varied verbs facilitate language learning. This work will be the first to explore interactions between verb typicality, variability, and the sentence frame (syntax), and their impact on language acquisition. Finally, our third goal will shift to investigations of the alerting signals that accompany to-be-learned verbal material. Extending available work demonstrating a link between prior alerting questions, recall of verbal gist, and working memory, we will explore the nature of the alerting signal and recall of specific linguistic structures or broad verbal elements, and how this relationship is associated with working memory and existing language knowledge. Overall, the results of this research program will provide basic insights into the environmental and cognitive factors that influence language acquisition, and language processing more generally.

语言是一个受规则支配的生成系统，个体在多年的学习中获得并灵活地使用它来执行各种交际功能。我的研究计划的长期目标是进一步我们的记忆和学习机制，支持人类学习，处理和使用交流的语言系统的能力的理解。我的团队过去的工作主要集中在支持语言习得的神经认知过程，特别是长期记忆中现有的语言知识以及在当前注意力集中的工作记忆中存储和操纵信息的能力。理解支持语言学习的神经认知机制是不够的，然而，我们需要理解与环境的相互作用如何塑造这个过程。考虑到这一点，我们研究计划的一个新方向将研究与语言输入相关的变量如何塑造我们过去研究的神经认知关系。使用为基础的帐户表明，在输入的单词和语言结构的频率与儿童的语言习得。根据我们多年来对语音（语音）和语义（意义）对工作记忆的影响的研究预测，各种与输入相关的因素可能会影响语言学习的效率和准确性。我们的研究将采取系统的方法来理解输入变量与单词形式和语言结构的短期和长期学习之间的复杂关系。在短期目标的建议的研究计划中解决的关键问题：首先，我们的研究将探讨如何质量的口语输入影响保留的语音或语义信息，通过检查短期和长期的口头回忆的信息操纵，以强调无论是度量诗或内容的刺激。我们的第二个目标将集中在幼儿与动词相关的语法结构的提取和保留。过去的研究表明，不寻常的和多样的动词促进语言学习。这项工作将是第一次探索动词典型性，可变性和句子框架（句法）之间的相互作用，以及它们对语言习得的影响。最后，我们的第三个目标将转移到对伴随待学习的语言材料的警报信号的调查。扩展现有的工作证明了先前的警报问题之间的联系，回忆的口头要旨，和工作记忆，我们将探讨警报信号的性质和回忆的具体语言结构或广泛的口头元素，以及这种关系是如何与工作记忆和现有的语言知识。总的来说，这项研究计划的结果将提供影响语言习得的环境和认知因素的基本见解，以及更普遍的语言处理。