Island Biogeography in a Sea of Subsidies

补贴海洋中的岛屿生物地理学

• 批准号: RGPIN-2020-04515
• 负责人: Reynolds, John
• 金额: $ 4.74万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=744819
• 关键词: Island; Biogeography; Sea; Subsidies

No habitat is an island. Energy and nutrients flow between aquatic and terrestrial environments, carried by wind, water, plants, and animals. These nutrient flows can have powerful impacts on adjacent ecosystems, connecting them together into "meta-ecosystems". I propose to advance our understanding of meta-ecosystems by testing how nutrient flows, productivity, and biogeography shape biodiversity patterns on coastal islands and salmon-bearing watersheds. Long-term objective. The long-term objective of my research program is to understand how subsidies among ecosystems affect ecology from individuals to communities. Within this theme, I have designed projects in two systems: watersheds and coastal islands. These complement one another by studying multiple forms of subsidy, and they allow me to ask novel questions that tie together the theories of island biogeography and meta-ecosystems. Short-term objectives. In the next five years, I will (1) determine how resource subsidies are incorporated into recipient ecosystems through experimental tests of how nutrients from wrack seaweed, otter feces, and salmon carcasses affect plant demography, (2) test how these subsidies influence communities and species-area relationships according to species' co-occurrences and trait-based phylogenetic filtering of communities, (3) track subsidies through island food webs based on island characteristics using stable isotope mixing models, and (4) synthesize this knowledge into resource-based meta-ecosystem models for both islands and watersheds. Impact. This research will provide the first comprehensive tests of predictions arising from an integration of theories about resource subsidies and island biogeography, ranging from densities of individuals to diversity of communities. In addition to advancing our fundamental understanding of ecology, our research on landscape connectivity can inform marine and terrestrial management planning by local First Nations and BC Parks, who co-manage the conservancies where we work, as well as the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans, which is committed to moving toward ecosystem-based management. The strongest legacy may be the many people we will train, with scientific skills matched to the challenges they want to tackle, ranging from advancing our fundamental understanding of ecology to solving pressing environmental problems.

没有一个栖息地是孤岛。能量和营养物质通过风、水、植物和动物在水生和陆地环境之间流动。这些养分流可对邻近的生态系统产生强大的影响，将它们连接在一起成为“元生态系统”。我建议通过测试营养流、生产力和地理学如何塑造沿海岛屿和鲑鱼流域的生物多样性模式来增进我们对元生态系统的理解。 长期目标。我的研究计划的长期目标是了解生态系统之间的补贴如何影响从个人到社区的生态。在这一主题下，我设计了两个系统的项目：流域和沿海岛屿。通过研究多种形式的补贴，这些研究相互补充，它们使我能够提出新颖的问题，将岛屿地理学和元生态系统的理论联系在一起。 短期目标。在接下来的五年里，我将（1）通过实验测试，确定资源补贴是如何被纳入受体生态系统的，通过实验测试，从海草，水獭粪便和鲑鱼尸体的营养物质如何影响植物种群，（2）测试这些补贴如何影响社区和物种-区域关系，根据物种的共同出现和基于特征的群落系统发育过滤，（3）利用稳定同位素混合模型，通过基于岛屿特征的岛屿食物网跟踪补贴情况;（4）将这一知识综合到岛屿和流域的基于资源的元生态系统模型中。冲击这项研究将提供第一次全面测试的预测所产生的整合理论的资源补贴和岛屿地理学，从个人的密度到社区的多样性。除了推进我们对生态学的基本理解，我们对景观连通性的研究可以为当地原住民和BC公园的海洋和陆地管理规划提供信息，他们共同管理我们工作的保护区，以及渔业和海洋的联邦部门，致力于走向基于生态系统的管理。最强大的遗产可能是我们将培养的许多人，他们的科学技能与他们想要解决的挑战相匹配，从推进我们对生态学的基本理解到解决紧迫的环境问题。