Systematics of Cyperaceae: diversification, biogeography and evolution

莎草科系统学：多样化、生物地理学和进化

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04115
• 负责人: Starr, Julian
• 金额: $ 4.08万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=745592
• 关键词: Systematics; Cyperaceae; diversification; biogeography; evolution

My research focuses on the systematics of the sedge family (Cyperaceae), a remarkable group of plants characterized by their exceptional diversity (~5500 species), varied habitats (deserts to rain forests), unusual cytology (n = 6 - 56) and diverse biogeographical patterns. In the Flora of North America region (FNA), sedges represent nearly 4% of our native flora (10% in Canada); they are common to every floral region, and they dominate vast areas of the continent in terms of diversity and biomass. Nevertheless, sedges remain a poorly studied group whose classification and relationships are still unresolved. My long-term research goal is to discover and conserve sedge biodiversity and to arrange it in predictive, phylogenetic classifications that provide a comparative framework for testing evolutionary, biogeographic, and ecological hypotheses.Towards this long-term goal, we will focus on three short-term objectives. Objective 1 will develop a strongly supported phylogenetic hypothesis for Cyperaceae using next generation sequencing (NGS) to circumscribe sedge tribes and genera. The emphasis of sampling will be on the Cariceae-Dulichieae-Scirpeae (CDS) Clade to complete a reclassification of CDS (three new tribes and a subtribe; PhD continued) and on tribe Fuireneae (PhD 1) where data suggests Fuireneae could consist of as many as four separate tribes (collaboration with Drs. I. Larridon, Kew, and A. Monfils, Central Michigan Univ.). Objective 2 will build on two significant discoveries, the fact there are eight, not five major clades in the giant genus Carex (~2150 species), and that the small genus Sumatroscirpus (4 species) is sister to Carex, a result with far reaching implications for studying Carex evolution. PhD 2 will study all aspects of Sumatroscirpus biology for polarising Carex comparative analyses, and they will finally resolve Carex major clade relationships using NGS. Moreover, we will continue to collaborate with the Global Carex Group to produce a complete molecular phylogeny for Carex (~46% sequenced for ITS, ETS, matK; BSc students contributing), and to build on a four marker (ITS, ETS, matK, rps16) dataset for all FNA species to explore whole phenotype evolution and Carex diversification (PhD 3, collaboration with Drs. H. Cui, Univ. of Arizona and J. Macklin, Ag Canada). Objective 3 will revise and study the biology of the early diverging Carex sections Euprepes and Mapaniifoliae (MSc 1 s goal of polarising comparative analyses in Carex, and the training provided will address a problematic reduction in taxonomic capacity in Canada. The wider scientific impact of this research ranges from the discovery of new tribes, genera and species, to targeted drug discovery, an improved understanding of world biogeography and the role of chromosome evolution on plant diversification.

我的研究重点是莎草科(莎草科)的系统学，这是一类非凡的植物，具有特殊的多样性(约5500种)、不同的生境(从沙漠到热带雨林)、不寻常的细胞学(n=6-56)和多样化的生物地理格局。在北美植物区(FNA)，莎草占我们本土植物区系的近4%(在加拿大占10%)；它们在每个植物区都很常见，就多样性和生物量而言，它们主导着大陆的大片地区。然而，莎草仍然是一个研究较少的类群，其分类和关系仍未解决。我的长期研究目标是发现和保护莎草生物多样性，并将其安排在预测性的系统发育分类中，为测试进化、生物地理和生态假说提供一个比较框架。目标1将使用下一代测序(NGS)来划分莎草族和属，从而建立一个强有力的莎草科系统发育假说。采样的重点将放在Cariceae-Dulichieae-SCirpeae(CDS)支系上，以完成CDS的重新分类(三个新部落和一个亚部落；PhD继续)和Fuireneae部落(PhD 1)，其中数据表明Fuireneae可能由多达四个独立的部落组成(与Kew的I.Larridon博士和中密歇根大学的A.Monfils博士合作)。目标2将建立在两个重大发现的基础上，即巨大的苔草属(约2150种)有8个主要支系，而不是5个主要支系；小的苔草属(4个种)与苔草属是姊妹种，这一结果对研究苔草的进化具有深远的意义。博士2将研究苏木生物学的所有方面，以进行极化苔草的比较分析，他们将最终使用NGS解决苔草的主要支系关系。此外，我们将继续与Global Carex Group合作，为Carex制作完整的分子系统学(约46%的ITS、ETS、matK测序；理科学生参与测序)，并建立所有FNA物种的四个标记(ITS、ETS、matK、rps16)数据集，以探索整个Carex的表型进化和Carex多样化(博士3，与大学博士H.Cui合作)。来自亚利桑那州和加拿大的J.Macklin)。目标3将修订和研究早期发散的苔草组Euprepaes和Mapaniifoliae(MS1)的生物学，S的目标是在苔草中进行极化比较分析，所提供的培训将解决加拿大分类学能力下降的问题。这项研究的更广泛的科学影响范围从发现新的部落、属和物种，到有针对性的药物发现，改善对世界生物地理学的理解，以及染色体进化对植物多样性的作用。