Development of functionalized biochar based catalysts for production of low carbon fuels

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The concept of a circular economy is gaining attention due to the need to reduce waste disposal, resource extraction, and emissions that contribute to climate change. To achieve this we must develop processes to convert waste into valuable products. The long-term objectives of my research program can be characterized as "waste-to-resource" as we will develop catalytic and thermochemical processes for the conversion of waste to fuels, chemicals and materials. My short-term objectives focus on developing novel biochar-based catalysts for the production of low carbon fuels. While biochar has been studied for applications such as pollution reduction and soil amendment, it shows excellent potential to be developed into a highly effective renewable and sustainable catalyst for production of low carbon fuels; however, its catalytic properties are not well understood. My research program will focus on: Objective 1: Gain mechanistic insights into how biochar properties evolve during gasification and pyrolysis of complex feedstocks. We will evaluate pore evolution, interactions of volatiles, surface mobility of metals and surface functionalities developed during gasification/pyrolysis of clean biomass, plastic/biomass mixtures, and biomass from phytoremediation. Objective 2: Engineer biochar surfaces to achieve high-performing catalysts for the production of low carbon fuels. These will be developed by (i) modifying the surface via chemical or physical treatments or (ii) adding catalytic metals to the surface. These catalysts will be tested for tar reforming to produce syngas from biomass and methane decarbonization to produce H2 from CH4. Objective 3: Determine activity of spent biochar catalyst for biogas cleaning. We will study the physical and chemical properties, and performance of spent biochar catalysts compared to biochar and activated carbon. Another objective is training HQP who will contribute to society with the practical implementation of these technologies. Novelty and Impact My research program will develop applications for challenging feedstocks such as mixed waste that is typically disposed of since existing technologies are normally too costly. We will establish fundamental knowledge of reaction mechanisms during biochar production which will form the foundation for developing processes for waste conversion. Our work will examine the role of metals in biochar's catalytic activity, which is not well understood. We will post-process the biochar to engineer enhanced properties. While others have not investigated utilization of spent biochar catalysts, establishing applications for these supports a circular economy. This approach benefits municipalities and forestry, agricultural and food industries by turning a liability into a valuable product. This also addresses our critical need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by producing renewable and low carbon fuels. Overall it will create jobs, wealth and environmental protection.