Fluidization and Spouting and Application to Biomass Processing and Hydrogen Production

流态化和喷动及其在生物质加工和制氢中的应用

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-03906
• 负责人: Lim, Jim
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=746775
• 关键词: Fluidization; Spouting; Application; Biomass; Processing

This Discovery Grant application is to continue the research program on the spouting and fluidization phenomena, and the application of these technologies for environmentally friendly processes, clean energy production, and process intensification. Two specific projects are proposed: (1) A continuous Slot-Rectangular Spouted Bed (SRSB) reactor for simultaneous drying, torrefaction and comminution of biomass for wood pellet production, and (2) Production of ultra-pure hydrogen in a fluidized bed membrane reactor (FBMR) by steam reforming of syngas from biomass gasification, with in-situ CO2 capture. Spouted beds have been developed for many thermal energy processes, such as drying, combustion, and gasification of coal, biomass, and black liquor. Biomass, a nearly carbon-neutral energy resource, is abundant in Canada, and its use can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decelerate fossil fuel consumption. However, it is characterized by heterogeneity, high moisture content, low calorific value, pliability and hygroscopic nature, all of which challenge its utilization. In 2017, Canada produced 2.8 million tonnes of wood pellets, mostly exported to Europe, USA and Japan for heating and power generation. However, deadly off-gassing (CO, CH4, CO2) and self-heating of wood pellets during storage pose serious health and fire hazards for long-distance transportation. Project (1) will develop a compact and energy efficient reactor for producing torrefied biomass, with strongly reduced biological activity, and increased net calorific value, for making wood pellets which are safe for ocean transportation. Hydrogen is foreseen as a major future energy carrier, whose implementation could help to mitigate global warming due to greenhouse gas emissions from use of fossil fuels. A fluidized bed membrane reactor (FBMR) reformer incorporates perm-selective Ru/Pd membrane for in-situ extracting of pure H2, improving the equilibrium conversion and H2 yield, resulting in process intensification by combining the reformer, shift converter and purifier in one reactor. When biomass is coupled with CO2 capture, the overall technology becomes carbon negative. Project (2) will develop an intensified process for producing ultra-pure hydrogen for fuel cells, as well as high purity stream of CO2 suitable for sequestration. Over the next 5 years, these two projects will train 2 PhD, 2 Master's and 5 undergraduate students to gain advanced research ability for careers in industrial or academic environments.

这项发现基金申请是为了继续研究喷淋和流化现象，以及这些技术在环保工艺、清洁能源生产和工艺强化方面的应用。提出了两个具体的项目：(1)一个连续槽-矩形喷流床（SRSB）反应器，用于同时干燥、烘烤和粉碎生物质，用于木屑颗粒生产；(2)在流化床膜反应器（FBMR）中通过生物质气化合成气的蒸汽重整生产超纯氢，并进行原位CO2捕集。喷淋床已被开发用于许多热能过程，如煤、生物质和黑液的干燥、燃烧和气化。生物质是一种近乎碳中和的能源资源，在加拿大储量丰富，利用生物质可以减少温室气体排放，减缓化石燃料的消耗。然而，它具有非均质性、高含水率、低热值、柔韧性和吸湿性等特点，这些都给其利用带来了挑战。2017年，加拿大生产了280万吨木屑颗粒，主要出口到欧洲、美国和日本，用于供暖和发电。然而，木屑颗粒在储存过程中致命的废气（CO, CH4, CO2）和自热对长途运输造成严重的健康和火灾危害。项目(1)将开发一种紧凑和节能的反应器，用于生产碳化生物质，生物活性大大降低，净热值增加，用于生产可安全用于海洋运输的木屑颗粒。氢被认为是未来主要的能源载体，它的实施可以帮助缓解化石燃料使用产生的温室气体排放造成的全球变暖。流化床膜反应器（FBMR）采用热选择性Ru/Pd膜原位提取纯H2，提高了平衡转化率和H2产率，通过将重整器、移位转化器和净化器结合在一个反应器中，实现了过程强化。当生物质与二氧化碳捕获相结合时，整个技术就变成了负碳。项目(2)将开发生产燃料电池用超纯氢的强化工艺，以及适合封存的高纯度CO2流。在未来5年内，这两个项目将培养2名博士，2名硕士和5名本科生，为工业或学术环境的职业发展提供先进的研究能力。