CO2 Capture and storage assessment for stelco's Lake Erie facility

2021年7月，加拿大政府向联合国提交了国家自主贡献，承诺到2030年将温室气体排放量在2005年的基础上减少40-45%，到2050年实现净零排放。Stelco的综合炼钢路线是生产支持加拿大经济和向绿色技术过渡所需的高质量钢铁的最有效方法。然而，这一过程需要使用碳作为铁矿石的还原剂。目前可用的技术无法避免部分温室气体排放。虽然Stelco考虑了多种方法来减少其长期的碳足迹，但碳捕集与封存（CCS）是解决短期温室气体减排目标的重要方法，同时突破性技术正在开发中。然而，目前尚不清楚CCS在安大略省西南部的技术、经济和监管可行性。虽然初步研究表明，Haldimand-Norfolk有可能成为长期地质封存的地点，但尚未进行深入的岩土工程审查或建模，以评估长期碳封存的能力和适用性。目前还不清楚CCS的经济可行性，以及CCS技术如何与Stelco复杂的工业流程进行最佳整合。最后，安大略省CCS的监管框架、公众认知和必要的利益相关者参与也存在不确定性。为了解决这些不确定性，Stelco与来自滑铁卢大学的多学科研究团队合作，他们在CCS和政策决策方面具有专业知识。通过先进的建模技术，二氧化碳储存研究将根据其容量和储层完整性来描述上述储存地点，并制定注入/监测策略。二氧化碳捕集研究的目的是评估CCS与Stelco业务整合后的经济效益。其他目标是为安大略省如何制定CCS框架提供政策建议，并为利益相关者参与该框架的政策设计和策略提供建议。

On July 2021, the Canadian government has submitted to the UN its Nationally Determined Contribution, committing Canada to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 40-45% below 2005 levels by 2030, and to be net-zero by 2050. Stelco's integrated steelmaking route is the most efficient method of producing the high-quality steel required to support Canada's economy and the transition to green technologies. However, this process requires the use of carbon as a reductant for iron ore. A portion of the GHG emissions cannot be avoided with currently available technologies. While Stelco considers multiple approaches to reduce its carbon footprint in the long term, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an important approach to address the shorter-term GHG reduction goals while breakthrough technologies are under development. However, it is currently unclear as to the technical, economic and regulatory feasibility of CCS in Southwestern Ontario. While initial studies have indicated the potential of Haldimand-Norfolk as a location for long term geological sequestration, no in-depth geotechnical review or modelling has been conducted to evaluate the capacity and suitability for long-term carbon sequestration. It is also unclear as to the economic feasibility of CCS, and the optimum integration of CCS technologies into Stelco's complex industrial processes. Finally, there are also uncertainties related to regulatory frameworks for CCS in Ontario and to public perception and necessary stakeholder engagement. To address those uncertainties, Stelco has partnered with a multidisciplinary team of researchers from the University of Waterloo with expertise in CCS and policy decision making. Through advanced modelling techniques, the CO2 storage study will characterize the above mentioned storage site in terms of its capacity and reservoir integrity, and develop an injection/monitoring strategy. The objective of the CO2 capture study is to estimate the economics of CCS when integrated with Stelco's operations. Other objectives are to provide policy recommendations for how Ontario might develop a CCS framework, and to provide recommendations for policy design and strategies for stakeholder engagement around such framework.