Air Pollutant Emissions and Impacts of Energy Systems

空气污染物排放和能源系统的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04132
• 负责人: Saari, Rebecca
• 金额: $ 1.68万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=748830
• 关键词: Air; Pollutant; Emissions; Impacts; Energy

Climate change is a global challenge linked to air quality and energy. In the past five years, unconventional oil and gas came to dominate production in Canada and the United States. The production and use of fossil fuels for energy is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change and air pollutants that harm human health. Efforts to combat climate change by reducing our reliance on fossil fuels thus yield an added benefit by reducing air pollution-related risks like heart attacks, asthma attacks, lung cancer, and premature death. In Toronto, 30% of air pollution-related deaths are attributed to U.S. pollution sources. With both countries making commitments to curb carbon emissions to the United Nations, it is increasingly important for Canada to develop integrated modeling that captures the linkages of energy, climate change, and air quality to understand these complex relationships and to inform sustainable decisions.This program in “Air Pollutant Emissions and Impacts of Energy Systems” will help Canada make informed future energy choices by (a) developing new knowledge about pollutant emissions and health-related air quality impacts from oil and gas (b) developing a novel modeling framework to analyze the health-related air quality impacts of North American energy systems: the North American Energy Atmosphere Transboundary Impacts Assessment Model (NEATIAM). These objectives provide a program to evaluate Canadian and American policies and inform cross-border coordination on planned energy, climate, and air quality policies. This Discovery Grant will improve how we assess the air quality impacts of energy systems by (1) constraining uncertainties in pollutant emissions from oil and gas development (2) comparing and improving methods to estimate emissions responses to energy policy (3) assessing the role of uncertainty in emissions along the policy-to-impacts pathway. These studies each develop a capability of NEATIAM and address fundamental questions about the sources of air pollutant emissions, their uncertainty, and methods to evaluate their health-related impacts. The results of this program will advance state-of-the-art modeling techniques used globally to evaluate the air quality benefits of climate and clean energy policies. Without these advancements, studies will continue to underestimate emissions from oil and gas by about a factor of four, and Canada will remain unable to quantify significant local, near-term air quality-related health and economic benefits from combating climate change. Students using these techniques will be the first HQP trained to do so in Canada, and for Canada. These new HQP and modeling capabilities are needed to place Canada research and Canadian implications in the context of global policies and global literature linking energy, climate change, and air quality to support sustainable decisions.

气候变化是与空气质量和能源有关的全球性挑战。在过去的五年里，非常规石油和天然气在加拿大和美国的生产中占据主导地位。生产和使用化石燃料作为能源是温室气体排放的主要来源，造成气候变化和空气污染，危害人类健康。因此，通过减少对化石燃料的依赖来应对气候变化的努力通过减少与空气污染相关的风险（如心脏病发作，哮喘发作，肺癌和过早死亡）而产生额外的好处。在多伦多，30%的空气污染相关死亡归因于美国污染源。随着两国向联合国做出遏制碳排放的承诺，加拿大开发综合模型来捕捉能源、气候变化、和空气质量，以了解这些复杂的关系，并告知可持续发展的决定。这个计划在“空气污染物排放和能源系统的影响”将帮助加拿大作出明智的未来能源选择（a）开发关于石油和天然气污染物排放和与健康有关的空气质量影响的新知识（B）开发一个新的建模框架，以分析北美能源系统与健康有关的空气质量影响：北美能源大气跨界影响评估模型。这些目标提供了一个评估加拿大和美国政策的计划，并为计划中的能源，气候和空气质量政策的跨境协调提供信息。这项发现补助金将通过以下方式改善我们评估能源系统对空气质量影响的方式：（1）限制石油和天然气开发污染物排放的不确定性（2）比较和改进估计能源政策排放响应的方法（3）评估不确定性在排放中的作用沿着政策影响路径。这些研究都发展了NEATIAM的能力，并解决了有关空气污染物排放源的基本问题，其不确定性，以及评估其健康影响的方法。该项目的成果将推动全球使用的最先进的建模技术，以评估气候和清洁能源政策对空气质量的好处。如果没有这些进展，研究将继续低估石油和天然气的排放量约四分之一，加拿大将仍然无法量化应对气候变化对当地短期空气质量相关的健康和经济效益。使用这些技术的学生将是第一个在加拿大接受培训的HQP，也是加拿大的HQP。这些新的HQP和建模能力需要将加拿大的研究和加拿大的影响置于全球政策和全球文献的背景下，将能源，气候变化和空气质量联系起来，以支持可持续决策。