Feedbacks between oceanic hydrothermal systems and the Earth system

海洋热液系统与地球系统之间的反馈

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-04147
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    加拿大
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助国家:
    加拿大
  • 起止时间:
    2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The crust beneath the oceans forms along mid-ocean ridges, migrating slowly away from these ridges to eventually be subducted into the mantle. Seawater circulates through the oceanic crust at high-temperatures (>350°C) near the ridge axis forming "black-smokers" and potentially economic sulphide deposits with unique chemosynthetic ecosystems. Seawater also circulates through the crust at low temperatures (<50°C) over much of the seafloor in "off-axis" hydrothermal systems. Reactions between the crust and circulating seawater in both on- and off-axis hydrothermal systems lead to substantial changes in the composition of the crust and the fluid. Return of the modified fluids to the ocean has a profound effect on the chemistry of seawater, and alteration of the crust is significant for many solid earth geochemical cycles (e.g. adding volatiles to the mantle wedge and inducing mantle heterogeneity). My proposed research program builds on our recent work on chemical fluxes carried by on- and off-axis hydrothermal systems, aiming to determine the links and feedbacks between hydrothermal fluxes and the environment (e.g. bottom seawater temperature and composition). To better understand the environmental controls on element fluxes between the crust and ocean associated with on-axis high-temperature hydrothermal systems we will use two approaches. First, we will use seagoing studies to investigate how high-temperature hydrothermal fluids interact with the overlying water column in so-called hydrothermal plumes. These are formed by extreme dilution (~10,000:1) of black smoker fluid and form ~200 m above the seafloor along mid-ocean ridges. Second, we will use the rock record of high-temperature fluid-rock reaction in the crust to test models that suggest that at times in the past, when the major ion chemistry (e.g. Ca, Mg, sulphate) of seawater was different, the composition of black smoker fluids was also different. To better understand the feedbacks between low-temperature, off-axis, hydrothermal systems and environmental conditions we will use a three-pronged approach. First, we will undertake laboratory experiments to determine the dissolution rate of basalts in seawater at different temperatures and using different starting materials. Second, we will undertake field studies to determine if laboratory dissolution rates differ from natural dissolutions rates due to the very different timescales involved. Finally, we will study ancient ocean crust to determine whether there is a geological record of changing crustal alteration with changing environmental conditions. Finally, all investigations of environmental controls on hydrothermal fluxes require that we understand the past temperature and composition of the deep ocean. We will use both rigorous data compilation approaches, and analysis of the composition of upper oceanic crust that was altered at different times during the Phanerozoic, to improve constraints on paleo-seawater compositions.
海洋下面的地壳沿着洋中脊形成,慢慢地远离这些脊,最终俯冲到地幔中。海水在海脊轴附近的高温(>350°C)下循环通过洋壳,形成“黑烟囱”和具有独特化学合成生态系统的潜在经济硫化物矿床。海水还在“离轴”热液系统中以低温(<50°C)在海底大部分地区的地壳中循环。地壳与轴上和轴外热液系统中循环海水之间的反应导致地壳和流体的组成发生重大变化。改性流体返回海洋对海水的化学性质有着深远的影响,地壳的蚀变对许多固体地球化学循环(例如,向地幔楔中添加挥发分和诱导地幔不均匀性)具有重要意义。我提出的研究计划建立在我们最近对轴上和轴外热液系统所携带的化学通量的研究基础上,旨在确定热液通量与环境(例如底部海水温度和成分)之间的联系和反馈。为了更好地了解与轴上高温热液系统相关的地壳和海洋之间的元素通量的环境控制,我们将使用两种方法。首先,我们将利用海上研究来调查高温热液流体如何在所谓的热液羽流中与上覆水柱相互作用。它们是由黑烟流体极度稀释(~ 10 000:1)形成的,形成于海底沿着中洋脊~200米处。其次,我们将使用地壳中高温流体-岩石反应的岩石记录来测试模型,这些模型表明,在过去的某个时候,当海水的主要离子化学成分(例如钙、镁、硫酸盐)不同时,黑烟流体的成分也不同。为了更好地了解低温、离轴、热液系统和环境条件之间的反馈,我们将采用三管齐下的方法。首先,我们将进行实验室实验,以确定玄武岩在不同温度和使用不同起始材料的海水中的溶解速率。其次,我们将进行实地研究,以确定实验室溶出速率是否与自然溶出速率不同,因为所涉及的时间尺度非常不同。最后,我们将研究古海洋地壳,以确定是否存在随着环境条件的变化而改变地壳蚀变的地质记录。最后,对热液通量的环境控制的所有调查都要求我们了解深海过去的温度和组成。我们将使用严格的数据汇编方法,并分析在不同的时间在中生代的上大洋地壳的组成,以改善对古海水成分的约束。

项目成果

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Coogan, Laurence其他文献

Coogan, Laurence的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Coogan, Laurence', 18)}}的其他基金

Feedbacks between oceanic hydrothermal systems and the Earth system
海洋热液系统与地球系统之间的反馈
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-04147
  • 财政年份:
    2021
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Feedbacks between oceanic hydrothermal systems and the Earth system
海洋热液系统与地球系统之间的反馈
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-04147
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Feedbacks between oceanic hydrothermal systems and the Earth system
海洋热液系统与地球系统之间的反馈
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-04147
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Quantifying seafloor hydrothermal fluxes and their role in global geochemical cycles
量化海底热液通量及其在全球地球化学循环中的作用
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-05098
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Quantifying seafloor hydrothermal fluxes and their role in global geochemical cycles
量化海底热液通量及其在全球地球化学循环中的作用
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-05098
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Quantifying seafloor hydrothermal fluxes and their role in global geochemical cycles
量化海底热液通量及其在全球地球化学循环中的作用
  • 批准号:
    462348-2014
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Accelerator Supplements
Quantifying seafloor hydrothermal fluxes and their role in global geochemical cycles
量化海底热液通量及其在全球地球化学循环中的作用
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-05098
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Quantifying seafloor hydrothermal fluxes and their role in global geochemical cycles
量化海底热液通量及其在全球地球化学循环中的作用
  • 批准号:
    462348-2014
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Accelerator Supplements
A triple quadrupole ICP-MS for earth, ocean, environmental and chemical science
适用于地球、海洋、环境和化学科学的三重四极杆 ICP-MS
  • 批准号:
    RTI-2016-00300
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 项目类别:
    Research Tools and Instruments
Quantifying seafloor hydrothermal fluxes and their role in global geochemical cycles
量化海底热液通量及其在全球地球化学循环中的作用
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2014-05098
  • 财政年份:
    2015
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual

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  • 财政年份:
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Feedbacks between oceanic hydrothermal systems and the Earth system
海洋热液系统与地球系统之间的反馈
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2019-04147
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 2.62万
  • 项目类别:
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