Metal 3D printing with freeze casting

金属 3D 打印与冷冻铸造

• 批准号: 571025-2021
• 负责人: Waghmare, PrashantPR
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=759498
• 关键词: Metal; 3D; printing; freeze; casting

The global needs of modern society demand durable materials that can be produced via sustainable technologies. In this project, we aim to build a state-of-the-art 3D metal printer, capable of not only building metal objects precisely but also with less energy consumption and without any GHG emissions. Upon success, this device will be coined as the most environment-friendly 3D metal printer - which will print metal objects of varied strength with different pore shapes and sizes. We propose to achieve this by integrating 3D printing (additive manufacturing) with the freeze casting process in the presence of a magnetic field.Lately, freeze casting has gained prominence as a viable environment-friendly approach to synthesize well-ordered porous materials. It involves the controlled freezing of a suspension (particles dispersed in a fluid) by inducing the temperature gradient in a particular direction. The growing ice lamella rejects the suspended particles from the moving front and accumulate them in the inter-crystal space. After solidification, the solvent is sublimated under reduced pressure, followed by subsequent posttreatment (sintering/densification). The directional freezing of the slurry thus serves the dual purpose of acting as a hard template and imposing self-assembly with spatially oriented macro-porosity and anisotropic properties. By combining freeze casting with additive manufacturing techniques, we can fabricate a whole new range of complex and irregular geometries.This approach will not involve any chemical reactions, thus avoiding any associated problems with the by-product removal, making it a safe, clean and green technology. The simplicity of the process, with easy template removal, allows us to employ a wide array of materials as "building blocks" apart from metals such as ceramics, polymers, carbon nanotubes, and biomacromolecules, which are otherwise unfeasible to use with the rest of the techniques. Evidently, the dream of sustainability lies in a green future and clean manufacturing techniques and 3D metal freeze printing surely do hold a key to it. In the cold climate of Alberta, where temperatures drop far below freezing point, a technique that employs freezing at its heart could thrive on rather easily in such conditions.

现代社会的全球需求需要可通过可持续技术生产的耐用材料。在这个项目中，我们的目标是建立一个最先进的3D金属打印机，不仅能够精确地构建金属物体，而且能耗更低，没有任何温室气体排放。一旦成功，该设备将被打造为最环保的3D金属打印机-它将打印具有不同孔隙形状和大小的不同强度的金属物体。我们建议通过将3D打印（增材制造）与磁场存在下的冷冻铸造工艺相结合来实现这一目标。最近，冷冻铸造作为一种可行的环境友好的方法来合成有序的多孔材料，已经获得了突出地位。它涉及通过在特定方向上诱导温度梯度来控制悬浮液（分散在流体中的颗粒）的冷冻。不断增长的冰层将悬浮颗粒从运动前沿排斥出去，并将它们聚集在晶间空间。固化后，溶剂在减压下升华，然后进行后续后处理（烧结/致密化）。因此，浆料的定向冷冻起到了充当硬模板和施加具有空间取向的大孔隙度和各向异性性质的自组装的双重目的。通过将冷冻铸造与增材制造技术相结合，我们可以制造出一系列全新的复杂和不规则的几何形状。这种方法不会涉及任何化学反应，从而避免了与副产物去除相关的任何问题，使其成为一种安全，清洁和绿色的技术。该工艺简单，模板易于去除，使我们能够采用除陶瓷、聚合物、碳纳米管和生物大分子等金属之外的各种材料作为“积木”，否则这些材料无法与其他材料一起使用。技术。 显然，可持续发展的梦想在于一个绿色的未来，而清洁的制造技术和3D金属冷冻打印肯定是实现这一梦想的关键。在阿尔伯塔寒冷的气候中，温度远低于冰点，一种以冷冻为核心的技术在这种条件下很容易发展起来。