Prediction of Violent Rock Failure in Deep Underground by Rock Strain Energy

矿产资源约占该国出口的20%。然而，加拿大大部分已知的矿产资源将在未来十年内几乎耗尽。为了保持加拿大矿产资源对国民经济的贡献，国家迫切需要开发更多的优质资源;采矿活动应在3,000米以上的深度进行。岩爆是地下岩石的剧烈和不受控制的破坏，是实现这一目标的主要威胁。岩爆危害是一个重大的矿山安全问题，严重制约着加拿大当前和未来矿山的经济可行性，因此，它将对加拿大经济的未来产生直接的负面影响。该项目将增加我们对深部地下环境中岩石行为的了解。它将提供一个更准确和现实的预测岩石在高应力条件下在深地面的冲击行为，以便更实用和成本效益的地下采矿作业设计可以实现。拟议的研究包括检查脆性岩石的行为，以研究其在不同应力条件下的破坏行为。通过进行广泛和先进的实验研究，将产生不同岩石行为的数据库。这个独特而广泛的数据库将被用来开发一个应变爆发倾向模型。基于广泛的实验研究，将开发一个损伤模型，并将其应用到数值模型中。拟议方案的具体目标是：a.开发一种实验方法，以测量承受单调和循环载荷的脆性岩石的破坏行为，以复制深部地下采矿中的岩石破坏。B.根据岩石中储存的应变能开发应变破裂倾向模型，用作简单的应变破裂脆弱性评估工具。该模型将通过使用真三轴试验压缩系统的应变爆破试验进行验证。c.根据峰前和峰后响应以及高原地应力下岩石的破坏行为，考虑各向异性和尺度效应，建立损伤模型。将其应用到数值模型中，以模拟深部地层中的应变突发。该项目将提供有关硬岩石损伤过程的新的基础知识，以及岩石性质和应力状态如何影响导致应变破裂的岩石的整体力学行为。该项目将减少地下矿井的伤亡人数。此外，该项目还将为各国政府制定新的准则，从而能够制定更好的管理政策，使今后的深海采矿活动更加安全。12名HQP（3名博士，4名硕士和5名本科生。培训后将满足对这些专题的专家的大量需求，以便招聘为地球工程和采矿专业人员。

Mineral resources constitute approximately 20% of the nation's exports. However, most of Canada's known mineral assets will be nearly exhausted within the next decade. To sustain the contribution of Canada's mineral resources to the national economic performance, the nation urgently needs additional high-quality resources to be developed; mining activities should take place beyond a 3,000-meter depth. Rock bursting, which is a violent and uncontrolled failure of rocks underground, is a major threat to this goal. Rock burst hazards are a significant mine safety issue and are a severe constraint on the economic viability of current and future Canadian mines.Therefore, it will have a direct and negative impact on the future of Canada's economy. This project will increase our knowledge of rock behaviors in deep underground environments. It will provide a more accurate and realistic prediction of bursting behaviors of rocks in the high-stress condition in the deep ground so that a more practical and cost-effective design of underground mining operation can be achieved. The proposed research involves examining the behavior of brittle rocks to investigate their failure behaviors under different stress conditions. By undertaking an extensive and advanced experimental study a database on behavior of different rocks will be generated. This unique and broad database will then be used to develop a strain burst proneness model. Based on the extensive experimental study, a damage model will be developed and implemented into a numerical model. The specific aims of the proposed program are to: a.Develop an experimental methodology to measure the failure behavior of brittle rocks subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading to replicate rock failure in deep ground mining. b.Develop a strain burst proneness model based on stored strain energy in rock to be used as a simple strain burst vulnerability assessment tool. This model will be validated by strain burst tests using a true-triaxial testing compression system. c.Develop a damage model based on pre-peak and post-peak responses and the failure behavior of rocks under high in-situ stress, taking into account anisotropy and scale effect. It will be implemented into a numerical model to simulate strain burst in deep ground. This project will provide new, fundamental knowledge concerning the damage process of hard rocks and how the rock nature and stress regimes influence the overall mechanical behavior of rocks leading to strain burst. This project will lead to fewer injuries and fatalities in underground mines. Furthermore, the project will allow the development of the new guidelines for governments, allowing better management policies to be developed so that future deep mining activities will be much safer. The 12 HQP (3 PhD, 4 MSc, and 5 Undergrad. Students) trained will address the substantial demand for experts in these topics to be recruited as geoengineering and mining professionals.