Magmatic Mineral Deposits: Their Genesis through Structural Fieldwork and Analogue Modelling

镁铁质至超镁铁质岩浆系统拥有世界上相当大比例的镍、铜、钴、铬和铂族元素。其中有几种“关键金属”被认为是我们向更绿色经济转型所必需的。为了满足对这些金属的需求，需要对这些复杂矿床有一个新的理解，即在岩浆状态下与其形成有关的流体动力学和结构，以及它们在变形期间的构造历史。此外，与过去的发现相比，现代矿产勘探面临着更难找到的矿床的挑战，这些矿床位于地壳深处或偏远、未被勘探或非传统的地体中，包括以前被岩浆硫化物矿化忽视的强烈变形的地体。我提出的研究计划建立在这样的前提下，即物理控制，包括区域构造和岩浆动力学，在侵入岩浆矿床的成因中发挥着关键作用。在这个为期5年的研究计划中，我建议通过结构现场工作和基于实验室的模拟模拟的综合方法来建立和量化关键的物理参数。该计划的主要目标是全面了解岩浆矿床的三维结构和物理控制。模拟模拟将在UQAM一个新成立的实验室进行，重点是构造在岩浆管道内富镍铜硫化物液体的运输和浓缩中所起的基本作用，以及区域变形对富硫化物矿体的成因和分布的意义。野外工作将通过详细研究挪威斯瓦尔巴特群岛暴露的北极高地大火成岩省(Halip)的未变形岩浆管道以及魁北克格伦维尔省的变形岩浆系统，重点研究Ni-Cu-PGE系统的结构和成矿作用。魁北克的实地考察工作在后勤上很简单，因为离蒙特利尔很近。此外，外地活动将部分得到既定的工业界和学术界合作的支持，以共享数据、钻探、实物和后勤支助。关于影响，在短期内，这些实验室和实地研究将大大有助于我们对岩浆矿床的了解，产生许多HQP项目，并提供新的和修订的矿产勘探模型。从长远来看，该计划将对这些系统的成矿模型产生可衡量的影响，结果将纳入我研究方向的总体目标，即构造地质学在所有规模的矿体成因中所起的基础作用。

Mafic to ultramafic magmatic systems host a significant proportion of the world's Ni, Cu, Co, Cr and Platinum Group Elements. Several of these are "critical metals" considered essential for our transition to a greener economy. Meeting the demand for these metals requires a new understanding of these complex deposits, in terms of the fluid dynamics and structure associated with their formation in the magmatic state, and their structural history during deformation. Furthermore, compared to past discoveries, modern mineral exploration is challenged by deposits that are harder to find, located deeper in the crust or in remote, underexplored or non-traditional terranes, including strongly deformed terranes previously ignored for magmatic sulphide mineralization. My proposed research program is built on the premise that physical controls, including regional structure and magma dynamics, play a critical role in the genesis of intrusion-hosted magmatic mineral deposits. In this 5--year research program, I propose to establish and quantify the critical physical parameters through an integrated approach of structural fieldwork and laboratory--based analogue modelling. The main objective of the program is a comprehensive understanding of the 3D--structure of, and physical controls on magmatic mineral deposits. Analogue modelling, to be performed at a new burgeoning lab at UQAM, will focus on the fundamental role that structure plays in the transport and concentration of Ni--Cu rich sulphide liquid within magma conduits, and the significance of regional deformation for the genesis and distribution of sulphide--rich ore bodies. Fieldwork will focus on the structure and metallogeny of Ni--Cu--PGE systems through the detailed study of undeformed magma conduits of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) exposed in Svalbard, Norway as well as deformed magmatic systems of the Grenville Province of Quebec. Fieldwork in Quebec is logistically simple due to proximity to accessibility from Montreal. Furthermore, field activities are to be supported, in part, by established industry and academic collaborations for sharing of data, drill-core, and in--kind and logistical support. With regards to impacts, in the short-term these laboratory and field-based studies will significantly contribute to our knowledge of magmatic mineral deposits, generate numerous HQP projects, and provide for novel and revised mineral exploration models. Long-term, the program will have a measureable impact on ore-genetic models for these systems, and results will feed into the overall objective of my research direction on the fundamental role structural geology plays on the genesis of ore-bodies, at all scales.