Magmatic Mineral Deposits: Their Genesis through Structural Fieldwork and Analogue Modelling

镁铁质到超镁铁质岩浆系统承载着世界上很大一部分的Ni、Cu、Co、Cr和铂族元素。其中一些是“关键金属”，被认为对我们向绿色经济过渡至关重要。为了满足对这些金属的需求，需要对这些复杂矿床有新的认识，包括岩浆状态下形成的流体动力学和构造，以及变形过程中的构造历史。此外，与过去的发现相比，现代矿产勘探面临着难以发现的矿床的挑战，这些矿床位于地壳深处，或位于偏远、勘探不足或非传统的地体，包括以前被岩浆硫化物成矿所忽视的强烈变形地体。我提出的研究计划是建立在物理控制的前提下，包括区域构造和岩浆动力学，在侵入岩型岩浆矿床的成因中起着关键作用。在这个为期5年的研究计划中，我建议通过结构实地考察和基于实验室的模拟建模的综合方法来建立和量化关键物理参数。该项目的主要目标是全面了解岩浆矿床的三维结构和物理控制。模拟建模将在UQAM一个新兴的实验室进行，将侧重于构造在岩浆管道中富含Ni- Cu的硫化物液体的运输和浓度中所起的基本作用，以及区域变形对硫化物矿体的成因和分布的重要性。野外工作将通过详细研究挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛高北极大火成岩省（HALIP）的未变形岩浆管道以及魁北克Grenville省的变形岩浆系统，重点研究Ni- Cu- PGE系统的结构和成矿作用。由于靠近蒙特利尔，魁北克的实地工作在物流上很简单。此外，现场活动将部分得到已建立的行业和学术合作的支持，以共享数据、钻芯、实物和后勤支持。关于影响，在短期内，这些实验室和实地研究将大大有助于我们对岩浆矿床的了解，产生许多HQP项目，并提供新的和修订的矿产勘探模型。从长远来看，该计划将对这些系统的成矿模型产生可测量的影响，结果将纳入我的研究方向的总体目标，即构造地质学在所有规模的矿体成因中所起的基本作用。

Mafic to ultramafic magmatic systems host a significant proportion of the world's Ni, Cu, Co, Cr and Platinum Group Elements. Several of these are "critical metals" considered essential for our transition to a greener economy. Meeting the demand for these metals requires a new understanding of these complex deposits, in terms of the fluid dynamics and structure associated with their formation in the magmatic state, and their structural history during deformation. Furthermore, compared to past discoveries, modern mineral exploration is challenged by deposits that are harder to find, located deeper in the crust or in remote, underexplored or non-traditional terranes, including strongly deformed terranes previously ignored for magmatic sulphide mineralization. My proposed research program is built on the premise that physical controls, including regional structure and magma dynamics, play a critical role in the genesis of intrusion-hosted magmatic mineral deposits. In this 5--year research program, I propose to establish and quantify the critical physical parameters through an integrated approach of structural fieldwork and laboratory--based analogue modelling. The main objective of the program is a comprehensive understanding of the 3D--structure of, and physical controls on magmatic mineral deposits. Analogue modelling, to be performed at a new burgeoning lab at UQAM, will focus on the fundamental role that structure plays in the transport and concentration of Ni--Cu rich sulphide liquid within magma conduits, and the significance of regional deformation for the genesis and distribution of sulphide--rich ore bodies. Fieldwork will focus on the structure and metallogeny of Ni--Cu--PGE systems through the detailed study of undeformed magma conduits of the High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) exposed in Svalbard, Norway as well as deformed magmatic systems of the Grenville Province of Quebec. Fieldwork in Quebec is logistically simple due to proximity to accessibility from Montreal. Furthermore, field activities are to be supported, in part, by established industry and academic collaborations for sharing of data, drill-core, and in--kind and logistical support. With regards to impacts, in the short-term these laboratory and field-based studies will significantly contribute to our knowledge of magmatic mineral deposits, generate numerous HQP projects, and provide for novel and revised mineral exploration models. Long-term, the program will have a measureable impact on ore-genetic models for these systems, and results will feed into the overall objective of my research direction on the fundamental role structural geology plays on the genesis of ore-bodies, at all scales.