Transient biodiversity and food web responses in regulated aquatic ecosystems

大型水坝是全球景观的一个普遍特征，特别是因为水电被认为是全球经济脱碳的一个机会。然而，这不应损害生物多样性和生态系统功能。我的研究计划的长期目标是了解在受管制的河流和水库中水生群落的稳定性和弹性背后的生态过程，并利用这些知识来预测这些社会生态系统的可持续性。在过去的几年里，我对生物多样性、水生生产力和水库食物网过程的研究做出了重要的跨学科贡献。在接下来的五年里，我将推进我们对多营养生物多样性、食物网相互作用和物种网络在受调节的水生生态系统中的理解，以及生态和生物地球化学过程之间的相互作用，目标是解决水库的动态和生态系统功能如何随时间变化，以及相对于自然生态系统的不同。通过时间序列分析、建模、实验室和实地研究以及综合，我将应用多营养生物多样性视角和跨生态系统方法来量化水坝如何影响食物网。我们还将采用多学科方法，并将生态学与生物地球化学联系起来，目的是解释储层中的瞬态动力学。更具体地说，我将(1)研究受管制和自然水生生态系统之间的多营养生物多样性随时间和空间的差异；(2)评估陆地补贴减少对陆地补贴投入、吸收和食物网的影响；(3)将生态和生物地球化学过程联系起来，以了解受管制水生生态系统中生态系统服务和功能的瞬态动态。该项目将培养水生生态学和生物多样性科学领域的两名博士生、一名PDF和至少四名理学士，具备野外工作、稳定同位素分析和复杂统计方法（生态网络和结构方程建模）方面的专业知识。在加拿大，尤其是魁北克省，水电分别占能源产量的63%和97%，是加拿大经济的基石。我们的国家温室气体目标战略也与水力发电密切相关。因此，有必要通过时间和空间来了解水坝和水库对水生群落的影响，以了解水生群落适应或不适应水库中遇到的新条件的过程。这个概念框架可以帮助管理者和科学家对大坝和生物多样性提供的生态系统服务的成本、收益和权衡进行预期。

Large dams are a pervasive feature of the landscape around the globe, particularly because hydropower is being upheld as an opportunity to decarbonise our global economy. However, this should not be to the detriment of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. The long-term objectives of my research program are to understand the ecological processes underlying the stability and the resilience of aquatic communities in regulated rivers and reservoirs, and use this knowledge to predict the sustainability of these socio-ecological systems. Over the last few years, I have made critical transdisciplinary contributions to the study of biodiversity, aquatic productivity and food web processes in reservoirs. Over the next five years, I will advance our understanding of multitrophic biodiversity, food web interactions, and species network in regulated aquatic ecosystems, as well as interactions between ecological and biogeochemical processes with the goal of addressing how the dynamics and ecosystem functions of reservoirs change through time, and differ relative to natural ecosystems. Through a combination of time series analyses, modelling, lab and field studies, and syntheses, I will apply a multitrophic biodiversity lens and a cross-ecosystem approach to quantify how dams can influence food webs. We will also use a multidisciplinary approach and link ecology to biogeochemistry, with the goal of explaining the transient dynamics in reservoirs. More specifically, I will (1) examine the differences in multitrophic biodiversity between regulated and natural aquatic ecosystems over time and space, (2) evaluate the impacts of drawdown on terrestrial subsidies' inputs, uptake and food web, (3) link ecological and biogeochemical processes to understand the transient dynamics of ecosystems services and functions in regulated aquatic ecosystems. This program will result in the multidisciplinary training of two PhD students, one PDF and at least four BSc students in aquatic ecology and biodiversity science with expertise in field work, stable isotopes analyses, and sophisticated statistical methods (ecological network and structural equation modelling). In Canada and especially in Quebec, hydropower represents respectively 63% and 97% of our energy production and is a cornerstone of our economy. Our national strategy for GHG targets is also strongly linked to hydropower generation. It is thus essential to develop knowledge of the impacts of dams and reservoirs on aquatic communities through time and space to understand the processes by which aquatic communities adapt or not to the new conditions encountered in reservoirs. This conceptual framework can assist managers and scientists in developing expectations about the costs, benefits, and trade-offs of balancing ecosystem services provided by dams and biodiversity.