The Impact of Road Salt on Pacific Salmon Success

路盐对太平洋鲑鱼成功的影响

• 批准号: 571331-2021
• 负责人: Wood, ChristopherCM
• 金额: $ 8.19万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Alliance Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=766114
• 关键词: Impact; Road; Salt; Pacific; Salmon

Pacific salmon populations are in precipitous decline, and degradation of spawning habitat by contaminants has been identified as a significant cause. Road salt use in Canada is increasing at about 2.5% per year, and is very poorly regulated. Salt toxicity both to salmon early life stages and their food supply of benthic invertebrates may be a significant factor, especially in the very soft waters of the Pacific West Coast. The urbanized area of the Vancouver Lower Mainland contains many salmon spawning streams, and we have recently measured winter salt pulses that exceed water quality guidelines by 7- to 28-fold. The present project will address this issue, both scientifically and socio-politically, and is powered by Citizen Science - 13 local Streamkeeper organizations are donating extensive stream-monitoring effort (to establish the extent of the problem) and outreach activities (to increase public awareness). Additionally, there is significant in-kind donation of network co-ordination and data management expertise by the Pacific Salmon Enterprise Centre of DFO. We have no private-sector support. We will: (1) establish a network of continuous year-round conductivity loggers to monitor salt pulses and chronic background levels in 30+ local spawning streams; (2) monitor the abundance of fish and benthic invertebrates in both impacted and non-impacted streams; (3) perform experimental lab studies on coho and chum salmon hatching, development, and physiology of the effects of winter/spring salt pulses of different types and temperatures, as well as chronically elevated salt levels. In-stream development assays will also be performed. The goal is to detect possible pathological effects and to understand their mechanisms; (4) perform parallel experimental studies on key benthic invertebrates to understand impacts on the forage base; and (5) mount a public outreach program to educate the general public, local governments, and regulatory authorities on the extent of the road salt pollution problem and its impacts on salmon success. This project involves faculty from 3 local universities and will train 2 PhD, 2 MSc, 3 Masters of Env. Toxicol., 5 Masters of Env. Restoration, and 3 undergrads in state-of-the art ecotoxicology and environmental physiology.

太平洋鲑鱼的数量急剧下降，污染物造成的产卵生境退化已被确定为一个重要原因。在加拿大，道路用盐的使用量每年增长约2.5%，而且监管非常不力。盐对鲑鱼早期生命阶段及其底栖无脊椎动物食物供应的毒性可能是一个重要因素，特别是在太平洋西海岸非常柔软的沃茨。温哥华低陆平原的城市化地区包含许多鲑鱼产卵溪流，我们最近测量了超过水质标准7至28倍的冬季盐脉冲。本项目将从科学和社会政治两个方面解决这一问题，并由公民科学提供动力- 13个当地的Streamkeeper组织正在捐赠广泛的流监测工作（以确定问题的程度）和推广活动（以提高公众意识）。此外，DFO的太平洋鲑鱼企业中心提供了大量的网络协调和数据管理专门知识实物捐赠。我们没有私营部门的支持。我们将：（1）建立一个全年连续电导率记录器网络，监测30多条当地产卵溪流的盐脉冲和慢性本底水平;（2）监测受影响和未受影响溪流中鱼类和底栖无脊椎动物的丰度;（3）对银鲑和大麻哈鱼的孵化，发育，以及不同类型和温度的冬/春盐脉冲的影响的生理学，以及长期升高的盐水平。还将进行流中开发试验。其目标是检测可能的病理影响，并了解其机制;（4）对关键的底栖无脊椎动物进行平行实验研究，以了解对饲料基地的影响;（5）开展公共宣传计划，教育公众，地方政府和监管机构的道路盐污染问题的程度及其对鲑鱼成功的影响。该项目涉及来自当地3所大学的教师，将培养2名博士，2名硕士，3名环境硕士。毒素，5环境大师恢复，和3个本科生在国家的最先进的生态毒理学和环境生理学。