区块链系统性能优化理论模型及算法研究

区块链性能瓶颈极大地限制了其在金融、物联网等核心领域的推广应用。虽然已有不少研究团队从基础架构和共识机制层面提出了多种性能优化方案，但这些工作多侧重于具体算法协议的设计，而对其背后隐藏的关键基础理论问题（例如性能模型、理论性能边界等）研究明显不足。本项目拟针对区块链性能问题进行深入理论研究：（1）在区块链基础架构层面，研究区块链并行化性能模型，刻画并行化程度对性能的本质影响，求解性能边界；（2）在共识机制层面，对区块链性能、安全性和去中心化等目标进行建模，并计算在"三难困境"约束下，区块链性能的理论上界；(3)设计基于前述多指标评价模型的自适应启发式性能优化算法，使区块链系统的整体性能可达到或逼近前述理论上界。本项目的研究成果将为区块链并行化架构与共识算法的设计提供理论基础，促进高通量区块链技术研发，进而有效推动区块链技术在金融等高频、核心领域的深层次应用。

Blockchain performance bottlenecks greatly limit its promotion and application in essential areas such as finance and IoT. Although different research teams have proposed a variety of performance optimization solutions from the levels of both the blockchain infrastructure and the consensus mechanisms, these solutions mainly focus on the design of algorithms and protocols, and the research on the underlying basic theories (such as the performance models and theoretical performance boundaries) is obviously insufficient. This project intends to conduct in-depth theoretical research on blockchain performance issues: (1) At the level of the blockchain infrastructure, research the blockchain parallelization performance model, characterize the essential impact of parallelization on performance, and derive the performance boundaries; (2) At the level of the consensus mechanisms, model the multiple blockchain indexes including the performance, security and decentralization, and calculate the theoretical upper bound of blockchain performance under the constraint of "scalability trilemma"; (3) Design an adaptive heuristic performance optimization algorithm based on the aforementioned multi-index evaluation model, so that the overall performance of the blockchain system can reach or approximate the theoretical upper bounds. The research results of this project will provide theoretical basis for the design of blockchain parallelization architectures and consensus algorithms, promote the research and development of high-throughput blockchain technology, and effectively promote the in-depth application of blockchain technology in the essential areas such as finance and IoT.