横断山区是全球生物多样性热点地区之一，该区域南北走向的高大山脉和深切河谷阻断了植物种群间的基因交流，这种特殊地理效应为植物的隔离分化提供了良好的地理条件，也是横断山区成为大量植物类群的摇篮的重要原因。然而，迄今为止该地区丰富生物多样性的起源和演化机制仍然知之甚少。本项目拟以狭域特有分布于横断山区高山带的，缺乏有效长距离传播机制的长柱独花报春为研究对象，采用高通量测序的方法，获取大量的DNA多态位点，综合分化时间、群体遗传、生态位模拟，以及演化进程中受正选择的基因等多方面的证据，结合古地质、古气候资料探讨长柱独花报春的种群演化机制。本项目的研究结果可以为横断山大量的具有与长柱独花报春相似分布模式物种的形成和分化提供参考，也可以为全面理解该地区丰富生物多样性的起源和演化奠定理论基础。

Hengduan Mountain (HDM) is one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The topological effect of the north to south lined high mountains and deeply eroded river valley in this region, forms physical barriers of gene flow among populations for some plant species. This might be an important factor in the origin of rich species diversity of this region, which is still remains poorly understood. Omphalogramma souliei is an endemic species of HDM, with habitats isolated by river valley and lack ability of effective long distance disperse. In this project, we attempt to acquire adequate reliable SNPs by high-through DNA sequencing, combine evidences from divergence time estimate, phylogeography, population genetics, ecological niche modelling and positived selected genes, to discuss mechanism of adaptive evolution of Omphalogramma souliei in context of paleobotany, paleogeography and paleoclimate. The results of the project could be the reference value for speciation and diversification for plant species with similar distribution pattern, and also be useful for fully understanding the origin and evolution of biodiversity in HDM region.