从少体物理的角度进行超冷原子多体问题的新研究

近二十年来，超冷原子物理已经成为当代物理学的重要前沿领域之一，无论从实验技术还是理论创新方面都处于蓬勃发展的阶段。少体问题的研究对整个冷原子领域的发展有着非常重要的意义。一方面，针对少体问题的研究给我们带来了各种调控原子间相互作用的新技术，包括Feshbach共振、束缚诱导共振、偶极相互作用等等，这些技术使得我们能够在原子气体中实现各种强相互作用的新物态。另一方面，少体物理的深入理解对研究相应的多体问题有着重要的指导作用，能够为多体研究提供新的思路，甚至发现新的多体效应。本项目的主要目的就是从少体物理的出发从一些比较新颖的角度来研究若干多体问题，包括少体系统的范德瓦尔斯普适性在多体热力学性质中的体现、利用时域Efimov效应探测标度对称破缺、高分波共振附近的量子气体以及具有多散射通道体系的多体普适关系等等。

In the past decade, ultracold atomic physics has become one of the most important field in modern condensed matter physics, which draws attention from a great number of top physicists worldwide. Both experiments and theoretical part has developed so fast in the past a few years. In cold atom physics, few-body problems have a very special position and important meanings. On one hand, it brings us convenient methods to tune inter particle interactions, including Feshbach resonance, confinement induced resonance and dipolar interactions, which makes a lot of exotic strongly interacting phases possible. On the other hand, the investigation of few-body physics also provide us a new perspective to understand corresponding many-body problems, or even help us to discover new phenomena. The main purpose of this project is to study varies many-body problems from the point of view of few-body physics, including the many-body van de Waals universality, quantum dynamic Efimov effect in detecting qunatum anomally, quantum gas near high partial wave resonance and universal many-body relations of strongly interacting quantum gas with multiple scattering channels.