乳腺癌的早期发现能够大幅度提高其治愈率，但小乳癌边缘呈不规则的毛刺征，对其微细结构进行在体精确检测一直是世界难题，本项目研究一种新型的超小内窥探针，结合OCT技术寻求解决该问题的新途径。本项目研究新型超小内窥探针的光学模型及传光特性等关键问题，主要内容包括：1. 建立基于自聚焦光纤镜头和斐索干涉仪原理的超小内窥探针模型，通过对自聚焦光纤镜头输出端面的中心边缘镀反射膜，用作孔径光阑提高探针的传光性能；2. 研究超小内窥探针的传光特性及影响因素，设计探针的结构参数及其匹配方法；3. 研究聚焦性能测试与数值仿真相结合的方法，评估光束通过探针任一位置的传光特性; 4. 研究超小内窥探针的制作方法，将探针样品与光纤偏振OCT系统结合，对小乳癌边缘进行在体实验检测和特征分析。在学术上为解决小乳癌不规则边缘的在体精确检测难题提供新方法；在临床上为乳腺癌的早期确诊、保乳手术及其它癌症的精确检测提供新技术。

Early detection of breast cancer can greatly improve its curative rate. However, in-vivo precision detection on the microstructure of minor breast cancer tumors whose margins are full of irregular spicule signs is a worldwide problem. A new type of ultra-small endoscopic probe, combining the technology of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), is investigated in this project to seek new ways for precision detection of minor breast cancer. The key factors of ultra-small endoscopic probe are investigated in the project, including optical model and light transmission characteristics. The study is mainly focused on: 1. An ultra-small endoscopic probe model is established based on the principle of Fizeau interferometer and self-focusing optical lens. Light transmission performance of the probe can be improved by means of coating reflective film, which functions as an aperture diaphragm, on the center edge of the output end face of the self-focusing optical lens. 2. The structure parameters of the ultra-small endoscopic probe and their matching methods can be designed based on the investigation of beam propagation property of the ultra-small endoscopic probe and its influence factors. 3. The method, combining the focusing performance measurement and numerical simulation, is proposed to evaluate the beam parameters at any location along the direction of light propagation throughout the probe. 4. The fabrication method of the ultra-small endoscopic probe is investigated and the integration of probe with the polarization OCT system makes it possible to carry out in-vivo detection with the sample of minor breast cancer tumors and analyze the characteristics. As a result, in the academic field, a new solution is provided for in-vivo precision detection of irregular margins of minor breast cancer tumors. In the clinical practice, this project provides a novel technique for early diagnosis of breast cancer and breast-conserving surgery, and accurate detection of other cancer tumors.