中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana，简称中蜂）和意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera ligustica，简称意蜂）是我国饲养的主要蜂种，对我国农业生产和生态平衡都具有重要作用。但中蜂和意蜂存在自然竞争，意蜂雄蜂干扰了中蜂蜂王交尾。. 为了阐明西方蜜蜂对中蜂蜂王交尾干扰行为和分子机制，本研究以中蜂和意蜂为实验材料，应用昆虫嗅觉分析仪检测不同蜂王上颚腺信息素对中蜂雄蜂和意蜂雄蜂选择行为差异；应用荧光定量PCR仪来检测中蜂和意蜂雄蜂触角和脑部气味相关受体基因（Or10、Or11、Or18和Or170）差异表达；应用基因抑制技术进行气味受体基因功能验证。开展本项目研究，不仅能了解蜂王上颚腺信息素对中蜂和意蜂雄蜂选择行为影响差异，同时可揭示西方蜜蜂雄蜂干扰中蜂蜂王交尾分子机理。而且对保护和利用我国宝贵中蜂资源，有望提供新思路与方法，因此具有重要理论和实际意义。

Apis cerana cerana (ACC) and Apis mellifera ligustica (Aml) are the main raising honey bee species in China and play critical roles in Chinese agriculture service and ecological equilibrium. However, the natural competition exist between ACC and Aml, Aml drones interfere queen mating of ACC.. To clarify the interfere mechanism of behavior and molecular, the experiment are conducted with Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica. We plan to use four-arm olfactorymeter(Camsonar, SIM-4) to distinguish the main components in queen mandibular pheromones (QMP) which affect differently on drones from Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica. We will collect drones which respond differently to QMP components between the two species. We will use real-time PCR to quantify mRNA level of four olfactory receptor genes (Or10、Or11、Or18 and Or170) in the brain and antenna of those collected bees.After determining the genes which have the most differential expression between two species, we will apply gene knockdown approaches on the target genes in order to examine gene functions in both species. Carrying out this project will dissect the mechanisms underlying the effects of QMP on drones of ACC and Aml at both behavioral level and molecular level, and is expected to provide new ideas and methods to protect and utilize the valuable resource of ACC, which has important theoretical and practical significance.