垂直潜流人工湿地中全程自养生物脱氮作用的发生与调控机制

基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮（Canon）工艺是一种新型的污水脱氮技术，如果应用于人工湿地，可解决其在低碳氮比废水处理中的“瓶颈”。然而，该湿地工艺的构建方式尚待改进，其调控机制及微生物特性亦不明晰。在前期研究中，申请者观察到了垂直潜流人工湿地（VSSF）中的Canon作用，并对系统中的微生物群落结构进行了初步分析。本课题拟对单级VSSF中Canon作用的调控机制开展研究，从系统宏观工艺运行性能和微观生物学特征两个方面出发，强化常温和低NH4+-N浓度下VSSF中的Canon作用，并分析其微生物特性，完成对单级Canon型VSSF反应装置的优化控制，而后基于实际废水水质特点，考察不同种类与浓度的有机物对单级Canon型VSSF系统运行效能的影响，着重分析其对厌氧氨氧化菌代谢特性的影响及作用机制。本课题可为低碳氮比废水的高效、低成本处理与新型人工湿地的工程化应用提供理论依据和数据支持。

Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (Canon) process is a novel nitrogen removal technology, the bottlenecks of constructed wetland treating wastewater with low C/N ratio will be solved if this process is introduced into constructed wetland. However, the establishment method of Canon in constructed wetland is still explored, the related regulatory mechanisms and microbiological characteristics are not clear yet. In the previous study, Canon process for improving nitrogen removal in constructed wetland was detected, and the microbial community structure in the system was also analyzed. In this project, a modified single subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland (VSSF) will be conducted to study the regulatory mechanisms of Canon in the system. From the two points of macroscopical process performances and microscopical biological characteristics, improvement of Canon in VSSF will be carried out at ambient temperature and low NH4+-N concentration, and the microbial characteristics in the system will be also analyzed. Optimal control of the modified single VSSF via Canon process will be conducted sequentially. Thereafter, according to the characteristics of wastewater, influences of organics on the performances of the modified single VSSF via Canon process will be investigated, and metabolic characteristics of Anammox cultivated in the system will be focused at organics conditions. In conclusion, the project aimed to provide theoretic basis and data support for the low C/N ratio wastewater treatment and the engineering application of new type of constructed wetlands.