“双子星座”捕收剂分子设计、合成及在盐湖钾盐矿浮选应用的基础研究

针对盐湖钾资源浮选工艺存在的低温分散性差、对矿泥敏感、耐盐性能较弱等问题，将一种具有“双子星座”分子构型的“双子星座”表面活性剂用作钾盐矿浮选捕收剂。通过捕收剂分子结构优化设计和合成研究，研发出正浮选季铵盐型“双子星座”捕收剂，反浮选吗啉叔胺型、吗啉季铵盐型“双子星座”捕收剂及其设计制备新方法。系统研究“双子星座”捕收剂对氯化钾、氯化钠、光卤石的浮选特性，揭示“双子星座”捕收剂特殊的“双子星座”分子结构对其浮选性能的影响，建立“双子星座”捕收剂结构与浮选性能的构效关系。通过量子化学、界面化学和分子动力学模拟，研究“双子星座”捕收剂在氯化钾、氯化钠、光卤石矿物界面的吸附机理，构建吸附模型。为我国盐湖钾资源的开发利用提供结构新颖的耐低温、对矿泥不敏感、耐盐性能良好的高效捕收剂及其浮选理论与技术基础。

Aiming at the existing problem in the flotation processes of potash ores from salt lakes, such as poor solubility and reagent dispersion in cold slurry, high sensitivity to slime, and poor salinity tolerance, the Gemini surfactants were used as flotation collectors. A series of novel Gemini surfactants and their friendly environmentally preparation technology were developed by the optimization of molecules structure and synthesis techniques. The flotation behaviors of sylvine, halite and carnallite by using Gemini surfactants as collectors were investigated. The effects between the molecular structure of Gemini surfactants and the minerals floatability were illustrated. Moreover, the interaction mechanisms between Gemini surfactants and mineral surfaces, and the adsorption configuration of collectors on the solid/liquid interface were studied by quantum chemistry, surface chemistry and molecular dynamics simulation. This study provided a series of novel surfactants which had good solubility and reagent dispersion in cold slurry, low sensitivity to slime, and good salinity tolerance, and technical foundation for the economical utilization of the potash ores from salt lakes.