远缘杂交和2n配子创建玉米、大刍草、摩擦禾异源多倍体研究

远缘杂交与2n配子多倍化机制在植物异源多倍体形成与进化过程中起了重要作用。本研究在利用远缘杂交与2n配子多倍化创建玉米、四倍体多年生大刍草和摩擦禾异源多倍体获得成功的基础上，进一步应用该方法创制更多的异源多倍体材料；应用系统生物学技术对玉米、大刍草和摩擦禾三元物种远缘杂种（包括异源多倍体）的性状变异、染色体数目、基因组组成等进行研究，对合成的异源多倍体与亲本材料的ITS多态性比较分析，揭示异源多倍体早期世代ITS水平上的变化规律性；应用分子细胞遗传学和三维分析技术研究异源多倍体来源不同物种染色体组的减数分裂和空间分布，揭示异源多倍体不同物种基因组融合后早期世代染色体（染色质）的空间分布、配对、分离以及后代传递规律等；同时，建立以玉米、四倍体多年生大刍草和摩擦禾异源多倍体为桥梁的基因渐渗与育种体系和培育玉米或饲草玉米新种质。

The mechanism of interspecific hybridization and 2n gamete polyploidization have played an important role in the formation and evolution of plant allopolyploids. Using the method of distant hybridization and 2n gametes polyploidization, the tris-species allopolyploid among maize, teosinte and tripsacum has been synthesized. In the present study, more valuable materials would be created in future by using this mechanism. And systems biology technology were applied to analysis of traits variation, chromatin spatial distribution, meiotic chromosome pairing, chromosomal transmission, heterozygosity maintained mechanism and ITS polymorphism.The mechanism of interspecific hybridization and 2n gamete polyploidization have played an important role in the formation and evolution of plant allopolyploids of new synthetic allopolyploid.This tris-species allopolyploid would provide an effective bridge for achieved introgression of valuable alien materials (genome of Z.perennis and tripsacum) into maize and forage maize.