硅藻检验是法医学溺死鉴定的重要手段，可用于判断是否生前溺水及溺水地点，目前普遍采用的形态学检验方法存在耗时、易污染、不安全、易漏诊等缺点，难以满足法医学需求。近年兴起的硅藻分子检验技术研究，无需硝酸消化、快捷、分类不依赖形态学特征,具有更高灵敏度、特异性和检出率,并可排除样本中腐败菌的干扰，依靠基因组数据库研究结果，有望成为法医学硅藻检验的可靠新方法。.在课题组前期研究的基础上，本课题针对目前法医学硅藻分子检验的关键性难题，首次探索通过DNA barcoding、MiSeq和HRM技术的有机结合，尝试从硅藻分子标记的筛选、样本中所含多种硅藻的无遗漏分子检测、简便快捷的硅藻样本检验与比对技术等法医学硅藻检验的关键环节入手，进行整体、系统研究，探索适合法医学需要的硅藻分子检验体系；同时对海南岛独特水系的硅藻生态进行研究，构建法医学硅藻基因数据库，为硅藻分子检验真正用于法医学实践做出进一步探索。

Diatom detection，the most important auxiliary means for diagnosis of drowning in forensic medicine，is conventional detected by morphological classification and proved to be time consuming，easy pollution，insecurity and missed diagnosis sometimes，therefore not fully meet the need of forensic practice. Recent years, molecular detection technology for diatom was launched，this method needs not nitric acid digestion，simple and fast，independent of morphological classification and with relatively high sensitivity，specificity and positive rate，and also has the ability to eliminate interference from putrefying bacteria，especially relies on the research results in Gene Banker，it is promising to be a new technology to instead the conventional methods in future..Based on our previous researches，this explore study is performed to resolve some key difficulties in present study for molecular detecting of diatom in forensic medicine. It’s the first time that three technologies，including DNA barcoding、MiSeq and HRM，are combined organically and try to screening Molecular marker for diatom classification ，No missing detecting of all kinds of diatoms in samples，simple and convenient examining and comparing with each other for diatoms in the overall and systematic level，and then to build standard and operable protocol for molecular detecting of diatom in forensic medicine. Meanwhile，ecological research of diatom in Hainan island and forensic diatom Gene Banker are carried out，which will Lay a solid foundation for the using of molecular detecting of diatom in forensic practice.