共享传粉者的亲缘种间花特征分化的机制：以有蜜和无蜜的两种马先蒿植物为例

传粉者的选择作用导致了花多样性的进化已经得到普遍认可，特别在不同的传粉者的选择作用下，亲缘种间的花特征能够产生显著的分化，但是人们不清楚由相似的昆虫传粉的亲缘物种是如何分化的，传粉者如何通过植物不同的花吸引特征（信号）识别具有不同报酬的个体。马先蒿属植物通常由熊蜂传粉，但花冠类型高度分化，根据报酬类型主要分为两大类：有花蜜短管型和无花蜜长管型。本项目选择有花蜜的甘肃马先蒿（Pedicularis kansuensis）和无花蜜的半扭卷马先蒿（Pedicularis semitorta）探讨花冠类型分化的机制。因为代表两种花冠、报酬类型的甘肃马先蒿和半扭卷马先蒿在系统发生上有最近的亲缘关系，在青藏高原东部的大部分地区同域分布、花期重叠，而且是一年生植物，非常有利于开展进化生态学、生态遗传学研究探讨花冠分化的选择因子和维持机制。

Flower evolution mediated by pollinator selection has been widely recognized, especially related species have diverged in floral traits under the selection roles of different pollinators. But it’s not clear how related species pollinated by similar pollinators can diverge. The floral evolution of plants is generally associated with the rewards, with a premise that pollinators can discriminate individuals with varied amount of rewards by different attractive traits (floral signals). Pedicularis species exhibit extremely high diversity in corolla types, although which is mostly pollinated by bumblebees. Pedicularis species can be divided into two types in terms of rewards: short corolla tube with nectar and long corolla tube without nectar, which corresponds to different pollinator behaviors. This project aims to study the mechanism of floral divergence in Pedicularis kansuensis with nectar and nectarless Pedicularis semitorta. The two species of annuals representing two kinds of corolla types and rewards are closely related in phylogeny, and are sympatric and overlapping in flowering time. The two plants are very suitable to study the selective and maintaining mechanism of diverse corolla tubes.