竞争政策与准入规制的协调机制研究

2016年我国出台“公平竞争审查”制度（国发34号文），对行政机关的市场准入规制做出了崭新的制度安排。强调公平的竞争政策和强调效率的准入规制，反垄断执法机构与政策制定部门，充满着对立统一的矛盾。如何在社会主义市场经济中，让竞争政策与准入规制实现协调发展，是一个富含理论价值与现实意义的科学问题。本项目将从以下五个维度进行探索：1）改良鲍莫尔的“可竞争市场”理论，构建一个统一的理论框架，研究目标不一致的两种政策工具。2）基于制度变迁理论，分三阶段剖析我国竞争政策的发展历程及其制度绩效，推断今后改革所面临的制度约束。3）对具体垄断性行业的“可竞争市场”进行实证检验，对非可竞争的垄断性行业，进一步使用“假定垄断检验”进行福利分析。4）从竞争法与行政法的角度，构建两种制度的立法、执法协调机制。5）基于上述理论与实证框架，构建同时适用于竞争审查和准入规制的审查标准，并为行业监管体系提出具体的政策建议。

The Fair Competition Review rules promulgated in 2016 design a new institutional framework to limit the market entry regulation implemented by the government authority. In fact, whether for competition policy (emphasizing on fair) and entry regulation (emphasizing on efficiency) or enforcement agency of antitrust law and policy formulation department, there exists huge contradiction of the unity of opposites. Hence, how to realize the coordinated development of competition policy and entry regulation in the socialist market economy is a valuable and scientific problem both in theory and practice. Hereby, the project will explore the following five dimensions: 1) by improving Baumol’s Contestability Theory, to discuss the two policy tools with inconsistent objectives in a unified theoretical framework. 2) according to the theory of institutional change, to analyze the development process and institutional performance of China's competition policy in three stages, and deduce the institutional constraints faced by the future reform. 3) to examine the contestability of specific monopoly industry, and utilize the HMT to make the further welfare analysis for the non-contestable monopoly industry. 4) from the perspective of competition law and administrative law, to build the legislative and enforcement coordination mechanism. 5) based on the above theoretical and empirical framework, to present a review standard applying to competition review and entry regulation simultaneously and give advice on the industry supervision system.