山东近海入海污染物行为过程与环境效应

位于淡水与海水生态系统交汇处的河口海岸带生态系统具有独特复杂的生物地球化学条件梯度变化特征。因此，研究入海污染物的行为过程和环境效应是一项极具挑战性的重要工作。本研究以黄河口、莱州湾、胶州湾为研究区域，采用室内模拟、现场实验、监测与采样调查、模型模拟、地统计学等手段，研究河口海岸带剧烈的环境条件梯度变化是如何影响山东近海入海污染物的行为过程和环境效应的。主要研究内容包括：（1）山东河口海岸带环境条件梯度变化对污染物多介质时空分布的影响，（2）山东近海入海重金属、溶解态有机磷、新烟碱类杀虫剂的迁移转化，（3）山东河口海岸带环境重金属和PAHs多介质地球化学基线（值），（4）山东河口海岸带环境污染物生物富集规律。本研究对于加深河口海岸带入海污染物迁移转化机理的理解具有重要理论意义，对于保护山东近海生态系统具有重要的实际价值。

Because they provide an interface between fresh and salt waters, estuaries and bays have strong gradients in many physical and chemical variables, including salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, redox potential, nutrients, and amount and composition of particles. Therefore, it is a critical work with huge challenges to study the geochemical behaviors and environmental effects of pollutants (phosphorus, heavy metals, PAHs, and neonicotinoid insecticides) entering into the estuaries and bays. The objectives of this study are to elucidate how these gradients impact the geochemical behaviors and environmental effects of pollutants entering into the estuaries and bays (Huanghe estuary, Laizhou bay, and Jiaozhou bay) off Shandong province, using lab simulation, field experiments, field monitoring and sampling survey, model simulation, and geostatistics etc. The major contents of this study are: (1) Effects of strong gradients in physical and chemical variables on the tempo-spatial distributions of pollutants in multi-media of the estuaries and bays off Shandong province, (2) The transform and transport mechanisms of pollutants entering into the estuaries and bays off Shandong province, (3) Geochemical baselines (levels) of heavy metals and PAHs in the multi-media of the estuaries and bays, (4) Bioaccumulations of pollutants in the aquatic food chain/web of the estuaries and bays. This study is important to further understand the transform and transport mechanisms of pollutants in estuaries and bays. In addition, this study is important to protect the estuarine and bay ecosystems in Shandong province.