高密度蓝藻聚集、死亡分解会引起湖底表层沉积物硫等物质的还原形态异常升高，从而成为诱发黑臭等恶性水污染事件发生的决定性储备条件。因此，弄清沉积物还原性硫组分构成及其变化规律对于探究水体黑臭的发生风险和机制具有重要的指导作用。本研究以浅水湖聚藻区为研究对象，运用界面微环境及微生物群落结构分析，借助Peeper原位间隙水获取、室内动态模拟、化学提取及硫同步辐射（S-XANES）、34-S同位素示踪等手段，通过现场季节性采样和黑臭发生/未发生过程模拟，分析聚藻区沉积物还原性硫时空变异特征，确定还原性硫变异的种类；探讨沉积物还原性硫组分、界面微环境及微生物群落结构变化对水体黑臭发生的响应规律；阐明水体黑臭发生对沉积物硫形态转化的影响，揭示聚藻区沉积物还原性硫组分变化及其对水体黑臭发生的诱发机制，为浅水湖聚藻区藻源性水污染治理提供科学依据。

The process of high density of algae gathering, death and decomposition would lead to the abnormal elevation of the reduced sulfur in surface sediments from eutrophic lake. Therefore, this would be the finality reserved factors and which would induce the bloom of the black and odour water pollution affair. Hence, it was very necessary to understand the composition of reduced sulfur and its change characteristic, which would be an important guidance to make clear the occurring risk and mechanism of the bloom of black and odour water pollution affair. This research selected the algae loaded area as the subject investigated and used measures including micro-interface analysis, microorganisms community analysis. Other measures such as in situ equilibrium dialysis samplers (peepers), laboratory dynamic simulation, chemical extraction and x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), 34S isotope tracer were also used. Using these measures mentioned above, we could know the spatial and temporal variation of the reduced sulfur and therefore identified the species variant from the sediment loaded by algae. Information including the response characteristic of sediment reduced sulfur to algae loaded, changing of environmental conditions and microorganisms community, and the influence of algae loaded and bloom of the black and odour water on the transformation of sulfur speciation. With all of the key problems solved, we could deeply understand the variation law and the composition of reduced sulfur, and the induced mechanism to the bloom of black and odour water pollution affair from the sediments of the algae overload areas. This could provide a scientific support to the government of water pollution of the algae overload area from shallow lakes.