因超高的功率密度和超长的循环寿命，（双电层）超级电容器成为储能器件领域的一颗新星，在可再生和清洁能源利用中的地位不可或缺，但能量密度目前只有锂电池的1/20。使用离子液体和纳米多孔电极组合体系是提高能量密度最具前景的途径，但该方法折损了功率密度这一关键优点。由于严重缺乏揭示功率密度下降机理的研究，当下避免功率密度降低的方法都存在较大局限性。本项目抛弃现有方法中减小离子/离子间相互作用或减小离子/电极间相互作用的思路，以多级有序孔道和混合离子液体组合为媒介，反过来利用上述相互作用并对其进行调控，实现离子的选择性充电行为，从而实现同时提高功率和能量密度。项目主要利用MD模拟和原位实验测量研究离子在单个纳米孔中的迁移及扩散动力学、离子在多级有序孔道中的选择性充电机理、非对称离子尺寸和电极结构整体优化三部分内容。目标是在避免功率密度损失的前提下提高超级电容器能量密度，具有重要的学术意义和应用价值。

Recently, electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) have attracted a great deal of interest due to their high charge and discharge rates over almost unlimited number of cycles. It is a promising candidate used as energy storage device in various applications, including smart grid, energy/transportation technologies, and so on. However, lower energy density serves as an obstacle to expand its application. Their energy density can be increased using ionic liquids and electrodes with nanometer pores which is a very promising strategy, but this tends to reduce their power density and compromise the key advantage of supercapacitors. To address this issue, selective charging scheme was proposed in this proposal. Based on molecular dynamics simulation and in situ experimental measurement methods involving nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method, this project aims at revealing the origin of charging mechanism and charge transport dynamics in nanoporous carbon EDLC which using ionic liquids (ILs) as electrolyte. In this project, it opens up opportunities for improving EDLC performance by fundamental understanding of charging dynamics and storage mechanisms which plays a pivotal role to select reasonable and judicious pores and ILs combination. The final objective is focused on tuning the trade-off between energy and power performance of EDLC by controlling charging mechanism, which may be determined by ion-ion interaction and ion-electrode interaction. The research achievements could provide guidelines for better pores and ILs combination design, which are potential of improving EDLC performance significantly. All of above make this present project have great significance both in academic and practical application aspects.