一段式PN-ANAMMOX-DAMO生物膜实现垃圾渗滤液厌氧出水自养深度脱氮协同溶解甲烷去除调控及分子机制解析

垃圾渗滤液经厌氧产沼资源化后，出水含有高浓度铵盐和过饱和溶解甲烷，而PN-ANAMMOX自养脱氮工艺存在硝酸盐残留和溶解甲烷吹脱等问题。本研究以实际垃圾渗滤液厌氧出水为研究对象，以MBfR反应器为研究手段，以实现溶解甲烷氧化耦合自养深度脱氮为研究目标，拟调控基于硝酸盐型反硝化厌氧甲烷氧化一段式PN-ANAMMOX-DAMO生物膜。借助物料/电子守恒和同位素标记批次试验，确认碳、氮氧化还原路径，揭示功能菌群共生竞争机制及电子传递机理；借助微电极技术，剖析生物膜中反应底物微观渐变趋势和碳、氮代谢动力学规律；借助分子生物学技术，基于碳、氮代谢功能基因转录和翻译水平解析功能菌群成层结构分布及对环境因子响应机制；借助数学建模仿真，理论解构生物膜微环境，预测和印证生物膜传质及生长过程并优化调控策略。研究成果同样适用于如剩余污泥和餐厨垃圾等各种有机废物厌氧发酵液处理，具有广阔的应用前景。

Landfill leachate anaerobically digested effluents are always characterized with high concentrations of ammonium and the supersaturated dissolved methane, while there are some issues during autotrophic PN-ANAMMOX nitrogen removal processes, such as residual nitrate and dissolved methane stripping. In this proposal, a one-stage PN-ANAMMOX-DAMO biofilm will be enriched in MBfR to achieve dissolved methane oxidation coupled with advanced autotrophic nitrogen removal from landfill leachate anaerobically digested effluent. Through mass/electron balance and isotopic labeling batch trials, the redox pathways on carbon/nitrogen metabolism are to be identified, and the electron transfer mechanism as well as synergetic/competitive interactions among functional microbial groups are to be revealed. Through micro-electrode detection, the substrates micro-scale gradient and the carbon/nitrogen metabolic dynamics in the biofilm are to be analyzed. Through molecular biological characterization, the microbial stratified structure distribution and the responsive mechanism to environmental factors are to be elucidated, based on the transcriptional and translational levels of functional genes for carbon/nitrogen metabolism. Through mathematical modeling to theoretically deconstruct the biofilm micro-environment, the biofilm mass transfer and growth are to be predicted and validated in order to optimize the MABR operational strategy. The findings are also expected to support the treatment of various organic wastes (e.g., waste activated sludge and food waste) anaerobic digestion liquors, with a wider application.