典型喀斯特小流域土地利用变化下的生态系统服务优化

生态管理的最终目标是对生态系统服务优化使生态系统提供的服务达到最大化。针对特定地区基础数据缺乏，生态系统服务评价结果不够准确，生态系统服务优化目标、方法不够完善等问题。本研究选择典型生态脆弱区喀斯特小流域为研究区，首先结合野外实验和SPOT高分遥感影像获取基础数据，利用InVEST和植被经验模型评价土地利用变化对生态系统服务的影响；其次利用GIS和SPSS的空间分析和数理统计，通过构建合适的指标定性判别和定量评价生态系统服务权衡或协同及其程度；最后完善生态系统服务的优化目标、模型和方法，本研究提出对具有权衡关系的生态系统服务寻求生态系统服务的帕累托最优集合（权衡最优），以及所有生态系统服务整体最大化（总体最优）两个优化目标，权衡最优采用的优化算法是非支配排序遗传算法，总体最优采用的优化算法是分散搜索算法。通过优化喀斯特地区关键生态系统服务，为该区域生态管理提供科学支撑。

The aim of ecosystem management is to maximize ecosystem services(ES) by optimization approach. Understanding the impacts of land use change on ES and relationships between ES can therefore help to optimize the ecosystem services. However, there exist great challenges which contain: lack of essential data, inaccuracy of the research results, imperfectness of goal and method about ES optimization. We selected karst watershed as a case study which is considered as the typical fragile ecology region. Firstly, the InVEST and vegetation empirical models were proposed to evaluate the impacts of land use change on ES based on the essential data from field experiments and SPOT remote sensing data. Then, the determination and quantification of relationship between ecosystem services were conducted based on spatial analysis technology of GIS and spatial correlation analysis of SPSS. Finally, the optimization targets, models and methods of ES were improved in our research project .Two optimization goals and corresponding algorithms were set for this project. Multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was used to study the trade-off relationship ES and find Pareto optimal solutions. The scatter search algorithm was used to maximize the sum total of all ES. This research results will helpful for the ecosystem management of Karst areas after optimizing the key ES in our research area.