微尺度自愈式液态金属开关接触、分断与驱动特性研究

本项目基于新能源、5G通讯、国防重大装备等领域对开关器件提出的共性基础问题，拟采用新思路开发液态金属开关新器件，有望解决开关放电领域的前沿问题。研究聚焦于微尺度自愈式液态金属开关的接触、分断与驱动特性。首先，通过实验测试结合热电磁耦合流体模型和流体不稳定性理论分析，获得载流条件下的液桥稳定性机理与接触失效临界判据，为开关通流与冲击电流耐受能力设计极限提供理论依据。其次，对照分断试验，建立热电磁耦合流体模型、分子动力学和蒙特卡洛粒子模型，揭示开关复杂相变与粒子输运机理，获得液滴自愈能力极限与尺寸效应，提出开关自愈能力和分断参数的设计依据。接着，通过电致润湿薄膜和驱动电极的制备与表征，结合液滴驱动实验与仿真，获得液滴的电致润湿驱动特性主要影响因素与尺寸效应，提出适合微尺度液态金属开关的驱动结构设计方案。最终，为能量密度高、开关比高、速度快、寿命长的微尺度自愈式液态金属开关研制提供理论基础。

Based on the common basic problems raised by switching devices in the fields of new energy, 5G communications, and national defense equipment, it is planned to adopt new ideas to develop new liquid metal switch devices, which are expected to solve the cutting-edge problems in the field of switching discharge. The research focuses on the contact, breaking and driving characteristics of micro-scale self-healing liquid metal switches. First, through experimental testing combined with thermo-electromagnetic coupling fluid model and theoretical analysis of fluid instability, the stability mechanism of liquid bridge and critical criterion of contact failure under current-carrying conditions are obtained, which provides the design limits for the capacity of switch flow and inrush current withstanding. Secondly, based on the breaking test, the thermo-electromagnetic coupling fluid model, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo particle model are established to reveal the complex phase transition and particle transport mechanism of the switch, the limit and size effect of droplet self-healing ability are obtained, and the switch self-healing ability and the breaking parameters design are proposed. Then, through the preparation and characterization of electrowetting film and driving electrode, combined with droplet driving experiment and simulation, the main influencing factors and size effect of droplet electrowetting driving characteristics are obtained, and the driving structure suitable for microscale liquid metal switch is proposed. Finally, it provides a theoretical basis for the development of micro-scale self-healing liquid metal switches with high energy density, high switching ratio, fast speed and long duration.