近些年由于抗生素的大量使用，随之而来的抗药基因的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。黏土矿物作为土壤重要的组成部分，会显著影响污染物的环境行为，而以往的研究往往局限于吸附解吸过程，对黏土矿物催化抗生素发生化学转化的研究非常有限。本项目计划选取蒙皂石和高岭土两类最常见的黏土矿物，采用多种微观光谱原位表征手段，并结合宏观实验与理论计算，系统研究矿物表面特征、可交换离子、环境条件以及抗生素分子的化学结构对黏土界面催化典型β-内酰胺类和大环内酯类抗生素水解和光降解过程的影响，并通过反应中间产物和光谱数据的分析，揭示抗生素的界面转化规律。加强抗生素在黏土表面转化机制的研究将为准确评估抗生素在土壤中的环境行为、探究可能的新的降解路径以及建立预测抗生素环境浓度和生物可利用性模型提供重要的理论依据。

Due to the abuse of antibiotics in the last a few decades, the problem for the spread of antibiotic resistance gene has drawn great concerns. As the important soil component, clay mineral would significantly affect the environmental fate of these chemicals. However, previous studies mainly focused on the adsorption/desorption process of antibiotics, the information for the transformation of antibiotics on clay mineral surfaces is still limited. In this study, smectite and kaolinite, which are the most common clay minerals, are used, laboratory experiments, state-the-art molecular-scale techniques, and theoretical calculations will be combined to systematically investigate the effects of mineral surface properties, exchangeable cations, environmental conditions and chemical structure of antibiotic molecules on the hydrolysis and photodegradation processes of β-lactam and macrolide antibiotics catalyzed by clay minerals. The degradation mechanism will also be studied based on the analysis of reaction products and spectroscopic results. The objectives of the proposed research are to evaluate the environmental fate of antibiotics and to provide the new degradation routes of antibiotics in soil. This study will be important to establish the model to predict the environmental concentrations of antibiotics and their bioavailabilities.