中空微纳结构碳基复合材料的可控制备和电化学性能提升研究

中空微纳结构碳基复合材料在催化载体、药物输送、能源存储等领域具有广泛的应用前景，但目前存在如何实现可控制备和在锂离子电池中其电化学作用机制尚不清楚两大问题。本项目拟利用容易完全裂解型或者升华型聚合物作为牺牲模板、将成碳型聚合物作为碳的前驱体和还原剂，系统研究两种聚合物的种类、含量和热反应条件对中空微纳结构碳基复合材料的孔尺寸、孔形态和孔隙度的影响规律，建立基于聚合物热反应的中空微纳结构碳基复合材料可控制备方法；以研制的中空微纳结构碳基复合材料作为锂离子电池的负极材料，系统研究孔结构参数（孔尺寸、孔形态和孔隙度）、碳基结构参数（相组成、有序度、纯度）和微纳结构参数（粒径大小、粒度分布、空间构型、界面特征）在脱嵌锂过程中的演变规律以及它们对电化学性能的影响规律，揭示中空微纳结构碳基复合材料的电化学性能显著提升的机理。为新型中空微纳结构碳基复合材料的设计合成及其在锂离子电池中的应用提供理论指导。

Hollow micro/nanostructured carbon-based composites have been widely applied in catalyst support, drug delivery and energy storage. However, it is a challenging task to achieve controllable preparation of the composite and understand its electrochemical mechanism in Li-ion batteries. Since polymer exhibits different properties of sublimation, decomposition or carbon residue when heated in inert atmosphere, in this proposal, we will fabricate hollow micro/nanostructured carbon-based composites by the thermochemical reactions of polymers, which as sacrificial templates, reducing agent or carbon precursor via the sublimation and decomposition processes. The research work of this proposal are focusing on investigating the influence of polymer’s varieties, contents and reaction conditions on the resulting pore size , morphology and porosity of composites. The relationship between structure and electrochemical performance will be studied in Li-ion battery. The structural changes of composites, including void structure (pore size, morphology and porosity), carbon structure (phase, order degrees and purity) and the micro/nanostructured parameters (particle size, distribution, configuration and interface) are explored during charge-discharge processes to clarify mechanism of Li+ migration and improvement on electrochemical performance. The project will provide a new method to prepare novel hollow micro/nanostructured carbon-based composites and shed light on its application in Li-ion battery.