插秧机船板与水田泥水层之间存在较大的滑行阻力,能源浪费严重,传统方法试图降低船板自重或改进整体结构,但不足以改善船板底面的流体润滑效果,减阻性能差。本研究从仿生学角度,以典型鱼类鳞片所具有的储存润滑液体和减阻功能的微结构作为生物原型,对船板进行流体润滑减阻研究。首先,采用扫描电镜,进行鳞片表面的形貌、结构分析,确定主要特征参数,建立仿生微结构船板表面的可视模型；然后,通过离散元与有限元方法相结合,分析在水田条件下,仿生船板底面的流体力学特性,揭示有颗粒分布的流体润滑膜成形规律；建立仿生船板底面的流体润滑膜的数学模型,对润滑膜的膜厚与膜压进行数值分析,揭示减阻机理。最后，对船板表面的微结构及其整体分布进行仿生设计,通过土槽电测拖曳试验,测试船板的减阻效果,进一步优化参数,达到最优减阻效果。本研究通过仿生微结构改善船板底面的摩擦学特性,探索流体润滑膜减阻的仿生学途径,为插秧机减阻研究奠定基础。

There is sliding resistance existing between the rice transplanter floating plate and paddy surface and lead to the huge loss of energy. Traditional methods of drag reduction were trying to decrease the deadweight of the floating plate or optimize the overall structure, but those were less-effective to guarantee the perfect lubrication function of the plate undersurface and generate a good effect of drag reduction. In the bionic way, study on the fluid lubrication drag reduction is carried out base on some typical fish scaly microstructure which can reserve the lubricating fluid and reduce the resistance. First, the morphology, structural feature and distribution of the scales are analyzed through the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), after that the 3D visual structure models are built. Then, by combining the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Finite Element Method (FEM), the fluid mechanics characteristics under the bionic floating plate are analyzed under the paddy condition, the formation rules of the fluid lubrication film is able to be figure out. Then the mathematical model of the fluid lubrication film is set up, following by numerical analysis of the thickness and pressure of the film, and the mechanism of drag reduction is illustrated. Finally, bionic design of the microstructure and related conditions of its distribution is accomplished, and in order to obtain the best reduction of drag effect, the electrical pulling tests and some further parameters optimization should be fulfilled in soil-bin. This subject aims at improving the tribological property of the floating plate undersurface and reducing the sliding resistance through a bionic way, and lays the foundation of the rice transplanter research about drag reduction.