外来人口给城市带来了什么？基于异质性劳动力区位选择效应视角的研究

外来人口在我国城市化进程中扮演了不可或缺的角色，造就城市繁荣。本项目拟基于异质性劳动力区位选择效应的视角，通过拓展空间经济学模型，利用计量分析方法，首先，实证考察城市工资溢价效应对外来人口迁徙的影响机制，回答为什么来？其次，探讨劳动力流动外部性对本地居民收入、城市不可贸易品多样性的影响，厘清外来人口促进城市本地居民幸福感提升理论逻辑，为如何破解“本地人”与“外地人”之争议提供学理支持；最后，揭示异质性劳动力技能互补对城市生产率溢价的作用机理，同时尝试研究产业集聚外部性与融资效率之间的循环累积机制，探究该视角下外来人口创业对城市发展的影响机理。本研究为破除妨碍劳动力流动的体制机制弊端，为培育城市发展的“新动能”，从理论上提供依据，从实践上提供可行路径和政策建议。

Migrant population play an indispensable role in the process of urbanization in China, making the prosperity of the cities. Based on the perspective of locational choice of heterogeneous labors, through extending spatial economics models and using econometric methods, we first empirically investigate the mechanism behind the effect of the wage premium on migration to answer the question “why do migrants come?” Secondly, we explore the effects of migration externality on residents’ income and on the diversity of nom-traded goods in cities to clarify the theoretical logic behind the connection between migration and residents’ happiness. Based on the research results, we attempt to provide theoretical solutions to the controversy around the crack between “locals” and “outsiders.” Finally, we reveal the inter-correlation between skill complementarity and productivity premium of cities, and study the effect of agglomeration externality on financing efficiency, exploring the impact of migrant entrepreneurship on urban development. This study provides theoretical solutions and practical paths to breaking away the institutional obstacle to labor mobility and to cultivating the "new momentum" of urban development.