虫瘿是自然界极常见的生物现象，凝聚着昆虫与植物间显著、复杂而密切的相互关系，瘿蜂科昆虫是造瘿昆虫的主要类群。瘿蜂栖息于完全封闭的寄主虫瘿内，高效截获植物营养而严重危害寄主植物，是农林常见害虫之一。因其高度隐蔽而防治难度大；此类昆虫因栖息于密封而微小的虫瘿特殊生境内而造成物种分化的形态差异微小，部分属和种间界限模糊，缺乏明显的形态识别特征，又因瘿蜂具有极为复杂的生物学特性，导致其分类鉴定难度加大，多数属种的分类地位较为混乱。鉴于此，为提高分类鉴定的精准性，除采用传统的成虫形态特征外，综合利用其他重要特征，如寄主植物、作瘿、幼虫形态和DNA条形码技术等新技术对疑难属种的进行系统分类与修订迫切而必要。通过本研究，将明确瘿蜂疑难属种类，订正其中错误，澄清其系统分类地位；最终为结合瘿蜂与寄主植物关系，揭示瘿蜂科昆虫的生物特性模式与演化，探讨互作与协同关系奠定基础。

Galls are very common biological phenomenon in natural ecological system, and represent a remarkably close and complex associations between insects and plants. Family Cynipidae is one of important group among the insects of gall-making, which possess important position in phylogenical relationships of order Hymenoptera and become crucial group for linking parasitic wasps and herbivious wasps. It is quite difficult for controling pests cynipds because of hiddenly habitat in galls, and are provided with nutritive supply and protection.Because of living into small durable galls, they are weakly differentiation of morphology among some genera or species. For a long time, it is very difficult to identify them because of lacking of distinctly morphological diagnosis characteristics with extremely complicated biological features.Consequently, in order to perfection of classification and identification to them, we must comprehensively use other important features, such as, host plant, gall, larval morphology and DNA barcoding, and it is very necessary to carry out systematical taxonomy and revision of doubtful genera or species. The result of this study will definite the puzzled species of Cynipids based on characters above. Therefore, in this study, we will clarify the diagnostic characters and revision of genera or species of Cynipidae based on external morphology of adult and larvae, galls biological characters and DNA barcoding data. In view of these, the results are interesting and significant both science and practice.