基于建筑知识图谱的近代侨乡建筑形制与源流研究 - 以跨境交流视野下岭南地区侨乡为例

近代侨乡建筑是侨乡文化的核心表征之一，其对中国建筑近代转型具有独特影响。但囿于侨乡建筑受多文化交互影响的复杂特性，虽学界多有研究且成果颇丰，但亦存有诸多局限。以岭南地区侨乡为例，在系统辨析侨乡建筑典型形制、对其进行科学分类，并追溯形制的地域源流方面存在不确定性；在归纳侨乡建筑营造思想与演变机制方面较为薄弱；在寻找可靠的路径来分析不同侨乡以及侨乡与主要侨居地之间的相互影响方面存在难点；从而难以充分发掘侨乡建筑遗产的历史影响。本研究结合人工智能领域知识图谱技术，利用其多源数据融合与图谱类比分析优势，构建岭南地区六大侨乡与主要侨居地建筑基因和聚落基因图谱。并从物质层面（建筑结构及技术特征、立面及建筑装饰风格等、建筑材料及空间）、思想制度层面（营造思想与建筑制度等）、基因层面（生态、地域及文化基因）等进行多维度的综合比较，以期形成岭南地区侨乡建筑的历史图景，为侨乡建筑遗产保护实践提供新视角。

The architecture of overseas Chinese hometown which was built in modern times is one of the core characteristics and has a unique influence on the modern transformation of Chinese architecture. However, limited by the complex characteristics of the overseas Chinese architecture affected by multicultural interactions, although the academic has many kinds of research and fruitful results, there are still many limitations. Taking the overseas Chinese hometown in Lingnan area as an example, there is uncertainty in distinguishing the typical form of overseas Chinese hometown, classifying it systematics and retrospection of the origin of the region. In addition, it is weak in summarizing the thoughts of the construction and evolution mechanism of overseas Chinese hometown. Furthermore, there are difficulties in finding a reliable way to analyze different overseas Chinese hometowns and the interaction between the main places of residences. Therefore, it is difficult to fully explore the historical impact of the architectural heritage of the overseas Chinese hometown. Combined with the knowledge graph technology in the field of artificial intelligence, this study takes the advantages of its multi-source data fusion and knowledge graph analogy analysis to construct the architecture knowledge graph of the building genes and settlement genes of the six overseas Chinese hometowns in Lingnan area and the main immigrant colonies. And the study will compare them multi-dimensionally and comprehensively from following aspects: Material level (building structure and technical characteristics, facade composition, architectural decoration style, building materials and spatial structure), Ideological level (construction ideas, architectural systems, etc.), and Genetic level (ecological genes, regional genes, and cultural genes). The comprehensive comparison aims to form a historical picture of the architecture of overseas Chinese hometown in Lingnan, and provide a new perspective for the protection and innovation of the architectural heritage of the overseas Chinese.