北京老城文化景观眺望遗产的系统识别、特征评价与保护方法研究

中国古代人居环境规划设计受到传统自然观和文化观的深远影响，从整体到细节的颇多技术方法均未为今人知悉，这也导致大量传统人居环境遗产因认知不足而无法得到妥善保护。结合古人登高望远的文化传统，引入文化景观理论和眺望景观方法，构建“文化景观眺望遗产”，既是对传统聚落规划范式的回溯阐释，也是对历史城市整体保护的前瞻探索。以北京老城为实证研究对象，首先进行系统识别，包括传统文化景观眺望系统的复原，与现状文化景观眺望遗产的再现；然后进行特征评价，搭建基于人文、自然、视觉的文化景观眺望遗产全要素集特征评价体系，分别评价传统系统与现状遗产并做变迁对比；最后研究保护管理方法，在充分理解传统系统的基础上，综合评估现状遗产的真实性、完整性、美景度、潜力度，搭建综合信息平台，辅助精细化的保护管理，形成一套科学适用的文化景观眺望遗产研究与保护技术体系。并由此窥探我国传统人居环境规划设计思想，找寻本土遗产语境。

The planning and design of human settlements in ancient China was profoundly influenced by the traditional philosophy of nature and culture. Many technical methods from the whole to the details have not been fully known to scholars today, and the insufficient recognition has also led to the lack of protection for many traditional human settlement heritages. Incorporating the cultural traditions of the ancients to ascend for vista views, this project introduces the theory of cultural landscape and methodology of view landscapes, and constructs the "cultural landscape vista view heritage", which is both a retrospective interpretation of the traditional settlement planning paradigm and a forward-looking exploration of the integrate conservation for historic cities. Taking Old Beijing as an empirical research object, systematic identification is first performed, including the restoration of the traditional cultural landscape vista view system, and the reproduction of the current cultural landscape vista view heritage; and then feature evaluation is performed, the project builds a multi-factor evaluation system for cultural landscape vista view heritage based on culture, nature, and vision, to evaluate the traditional system and the current heritage separately, and compare the changes; finally, it studies the conservation and management methods, on the basis of fully understanding the traditional system, comprehensively evaluates the authenticity, integrity, beauty, and potential of the current heritage, then establishes a comprehensive information platform to assist in fine-grained conservation and management, and thus forms a scientific and applicable technology system for the research and protection of cultural landscape vista view heritage. It also provides a glimpse into the traditional Chinese human settlement planning and design ideas, and some context for local heritage.